NASA UAP D021 Gemini 7 Technical Debriefing 1965

I Authority: NW 91526 \ GEMINI VII TECHNICAL DEBRIEFING December 23, 1965 NOTICE: This document may be exempt from public disclosure under the Freedom of lnfor• mation Act (5 U.S.C. 552). Requests for its re­ lease to persons outside the U. S. Government should be handled under the provisions of NASA Policy Directive 1382.2. PREFACE This preliminary transcript was made from voice tape recordings of the Gemini 7 flight crew debriefing conducted December 19 through December 21 , 1965 at the Crew Quarters, Cape Kennedy, Florida. Although all the material contained in this transcript has been rough edited, the urgent need for the preliminary t ranscript by mission analysis personnel precluded a final edit prior to its publication. - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page Number 1.0 2.0 COUNTDOWN 1.1 Crew Insertion . ...................... ............. . 1 1.2 Comm:un.ications . .......•.•.. .......•...........•..• . 1 l.3 Crew Participation in Countdown ....................l l.4 Comfort . .................. .......................• . 1 l.5 Environmental Control System...............•..•.... 2 l.6 Sounds . ..•...•••.••..•.••• •••..•••••••••••••••••••• 2 l.7 Vibrations ........................ ................. 2 1.8 Visual . .................... ........................ 2 l.9 Crew Station Controls and Displays ................. ..•...•••.••..•.••• •••..•••••••••••••••••••• 2 l.7 Vibrations ........................ ................. 2 1.8 Visual . .................... ........................ 2 l.9 Crew Station Controls and Displays ................. 3 POWERED FLIGHT 2.1 Lift-Off cues·••·••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••3 2.2 Roll Program . .................. ....................4 2.3 Pitch Program. . .........•............. ..............4 2.4 Aerod.y"namics • ••••••••••••.•.• •••••••••••••• •••• •••• 5 2.5 Environmental Control System ....... .•...........••. 5 2.6 Maximum q . ........................... .............. 5 2.7 W indsheaz- ......•......•.....••......• •....•...••.••6 2.8 DCS Upd.ates • •••.•.••..•......••.. ••.•••.•••••••. • ••6 2.9 :Engine 1 Operation . . . ........... ...................6 2.10 :Engine 2 Status . ..................... ...... ..... ... 7 2.11 Acceleration g's••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••7 2.12POG0 .......•........•...•.. •.....•...••.•...•.•..•. 7 2.13 Guidance Initiation............. ... .. ..............7 2 .14 BECO • •.•.•••..••...•..•...........•...••..•. •...••. 8 2 .15 St ...•........•...•.. •.....•...••.•...•.•..•. 7 2.13 Guidance Initiation............. ... .. ..............7 2 .14 BECO • •.•.•••..••...•..•...........•...••..•. •...••. 8 2 .15 Stagi.ng' . ..... . .......... . ,. ... o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 2 . 16 E]ngin.e 2 Ignition . ................ .................9 2.17 RGS Initiate.•••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• •••••• •••• • 9 2.18 GO/NO GO e1 • •• • • •• •• • • •• • •••••••••••• • • ••••••••••••••9 2.19 Systems Status•••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••9 2.20 Acceleration o• •••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••lO 2.21 Fairing Jettison •••• • •• • ~••••·•••••••••••• ••• •• ·••10 INSERTION 3.1 Post-SEC0 ...............•.... ..................... 10 3.2 SECO plus 30 seconds ....•..•.. ••.................• 11 e 14.0 TRAINI NG 14.1 Gemini Missi on Simulator ...........•••••••185 14. 2 DCPS (Launch abort simulat or) ....•.••••••• 191 14. 3 MAC ..•.. ••.................• 11 e 14.0 TRAINI NG 14.1 Gemini Missi on Simulator ...........•••••••185 14. 2 DCPS (Launch abort simulat or) ....•.••••••• 191 14. 3 MAC Engineering Simulator ........••.••.••• 191 14.4 Translation and Docking Tr ainer ...•.•••••• 192 14 . 5 Planet ari um. . ........................••••• •193 Systems Brief inga ...............•.•••••••• 194 14. 6 Flight Experiments .............••.•••••••• 198 14 . 7 Spacecra f t syst ems tests .......••.•••••••• 202 14.8 Egress t r aining....................••.•••• 204 14.9 14.10 Parachute Tr a ining..•.........•...•.•••••• 205 14.11 Launch simulationa .................••••••• 206 14.12 Reentry simulations ..........•........•••. 206 14.13 Simul ated net work simulations ...•..••••••• 206 14.14 Ne t work s imula tions .............•..••••••• 206 14.15 Fl ight Plan t r a i ning...............••.••.• 207 15.0 CONCLUDING COMMENTS ...•....••........•........... 208 LANDING AND RECOVERY 7.1 Impact . ........... ... . ...••.•. •. •.•••••• • • • • • • • • • 54 7.2 Checklists . ....... ....................... • • • • • • • • 55 7.3 Communicatione ..••......•••••••••.••.•.••••.•.••• . ...••.•. •. •.•••••• • • • • • • • • • 54 7.2 Checklists . ....... ....................... • • • • • • • • 55 7.3 Communicatione ..••......•••••••••.••.•.••••.•.••• 55 7.4 Systems Configuration.•••••··••••••••••••••••••••58 7.5 Spacecraft Status.••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••59 7.6 Postlanding Activity..............•.............. 62 7.7 Comi•ort . ...•............•..••••• •.•.••.••••...••• 63 7.e Recovery Force Personnel ..•.....•...•..•.......... 63 7.9 F.g"ress • .••.•. • •••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63 7.10 S1.lrVival Gear . ..•............•....... .........•..63 7.11 Crew Pick UP••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••64 8.0 SYSTEMS OPERATION 8.1 Plat form ...... . •....... .......................... 64 8.2 O.AMS • .• ••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••• 65 0.3 RCS . ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • ••• • • • • ••• • • 73 e.4 ECS . ..........•.••.. •••••••••••• 65 0.3 RCS . ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • ••• • • • • ••• • • 73 e.4 ECS . ..........•.••..•..... ..•................ • ... 75 0.5 Commun.ications . .............................. ....91 8.6 Electrical . ..................................... . 95 0.7 Onboard Computer..•.........•••••••.....•••...• .•99 0.0 Crew Station ...•.............•..•.. ..•..........101 0.9 Biomedical ....•••••••...•.••.••.••.•• .••.•....•. 115 OPERATIONAL CHECKS 9.1 Apollo Landmark Investigation •••.•..•.•.....•... 122 9.2 Cabin Lighting Survey.••• •••• •••••••••••••••••••130 9.3 HF' Test .•• •••• ••.••.•••• •• •••·••••••••.•••••• •.. 130 1O.O VISUAL SIGHTINGS 10.1 Cou.ntdo"Wll • •••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •131 10 .2 Powered Flight••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••l31 10.3 Orbital Flight.••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••132 10.4 Reentry . ...•••.•.•..•..• ••...•..•..•.......... .138 - - Insertion Act ivities ............................ Orbital Flight.••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••132 10.4 Reentry . ...•••.•.•..•..• ••...•..•..•.......... .138 - - Insertion Act ivities ............................15 Post Station Keeping...........•................17 ORBI TAL FLIGHT . ..............••.•................... . 18 5.0 RETROFIRE 5.1 TR-2: 00 Power Up and Alignment Checklists ....... 32 6.0 5. 2 TR-26 Events ............•.....•..••..•.......•.. 33 5.3 TR-5 GMT Stop Clock.........•................... 34 5.4 TR- 256 .................... • • • • •. • • •. • •. • .. •. • • • .34 5. 5 TR- 1 . •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • .34 5. 6 TR-0. • • ••• • • •. • • •• •. • • •• • • • • •• •. • • •••• • • • • • •• • • • 35 5. 7 Retropack Jettison .............................. 40 5.8 Commwiicatione .................................. 41 5.9 Upda ting........................................41 5.10 Post Retro Jettison Checklist ................... 42 REENTRY 6.1 Reentry Parameters Update ....................... 42 6.2 400 K . ••••••.•••.••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••• • 43 6.3 Acceleration Profile ...•..•...•.................47 6.4 Spacecraft Control .••.....• 400 K . ••••••.•••.••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••• • 43 6.3 Acceleration Profile ...•..•...•.................47 6.4 Spacecraft Control .••.....•..................... 47 6.5 100 K . ....••.•.•....•..•............•... ~ ....... 48 6.6 50 K . ...••..............••...•••................48 6.7 35 K Checklist .••.•..•..•..•.•..••..•.•......... 49 6.8 Comm'W'l.icationa ••.•.•••••.••..••••••••••...•.•... 49 6.9 26 K Checklist •• •••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••••49 6.10 10.6 K Barostat .................•.....•......... 50 6.11 Main Check Deployment •...............•.......... 51 6.12 Post Main Checklist ............................. 51 6.13 Single Point Release •...•••.••.•..•...••••...... 51 6.14 2 K Checklist .•........•........................ 52 6 .15 LBlldiilg . ..........•...•.........................52 6.16 Postlanding Checklist ..•..•....••....•....•..•.• 52 6.17 Blood Pressure Measurement ..•.•...•..•........••53 11.0 EXPERIMENTS 11.1 Celestial, Space, and Terrestrial Radiometry (D-4/D-7)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••140 11.2 Star Occulation Measurement ( EXPERIMENTS 11.1 Celestial, Space, and Terrestrial Radiometry (D-4/D-7)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••140 11.2 Star Occulation Measurement (D-5) •...•.....• 146 Simple Navigation (D-9) .....................148 11.3 11.4 Visual Acuity and Astronaut Visibility 11.5 and Vision Test (M-9 ) .......................154 Synoptic terrain (S-5) and weather (s-6) photograph.y••••..••.••.•••....••••.••••••••• 158 11.6 Proton Electron Spectrometer and Tri-Axis Flux-Gate Magnetometer (MSC-2 and MSC-3) ...•160 11.7 Optical communications (MSC-4 ) ..............161 11.8 Landmark Contrast ..•....•........•..........165 11.9 Cardiovascular reflex conditioning (M-1 ) ....166 11.10 In-flight exercises (M-3) ...................167 11.11 In-flight phonocardiogram (M-4) and In-flight sleep analysis (M-8) ..............167 11.12 Bioassay body fluids (M-5) and calcium balance study (M-7) .................168 11.13 Miscellaneous ......•.......................•172 12.0 13 .0 PREMISSION PLANNING 12.l Mission Plan (trajectory) ...........•.......175 12.2 Flight Plan.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••175 12.3 Spacecraft Changes •..•...................... 176 12.4 Mission Rules ............. .. ......•. .. ......177 12,5 .......175 12.2 Flight Plan.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••175 12.3 Spacecraft Changes •..•...................... 176 12.4 Mission Rules ............. .. ......•. .. ......177 12,5 Experiments ••.•..•••••.•...•......•...•....• 177 MISSION CONTROL 13.1 GO/NO GO' s ••••••••.••.••.•••••.•••....••...• 179 13,2 PLA and CLA updat es•••••••••••••••••••••••••l79 13 . 3 Consuma.bles .............•.•...•..........••.180 13.4 Flight Plan changes.••••••••••••••••••••••••181 13. 5 Systems . ....................•.............. . 182 13.6 Experiments real-time updatea ...•......••.••184 f .. .... 1.0 COUNTDOWN 1.1 Crew Insertion Borman I have no comment. I thought it went ve~y well. Lovell Likewise, no comment on crew insertion. I think we got quite a. bit done. It was very orderly. Borman Timing was good and it was done properly. 1.2 Communications Borman Communications were good. I had no troubl e at al l. Lovell I had no trouble with communications in the cockpit or the spacecraft, but the communications in the va.n from the suiting area t o the other area a.re rather poor. Maybe troubl e at al l. Lovell I had no trouble with communications in the cockpit or the spacecraft, but the communications in the va.n from the suiting area t o the other area a.re rather poor. Maybe we should try to get that improved sometime. 1.3 Crew Participation in Countdown Borman Again, I think they have been used on 4 or 5 l aunches, and I thought they were fine. Lovell Right. Countdown procedure and crew participation is just what you expect now. 1.4 Comfort Borma.n Comfort was fine. No problems? Lovell No problems for comfort , but I was surprised when I got in the cockP i t, because there was a lot more there than there was when I got in it for the stowage review. But, it a ll turned out for t he best. No problems. 2 1.5 ECS Borman ECS worked fine. We had no trouble with ECS at all during prelaunch or launch. Lovell That is true. The purge was a lot slower and it was just perfect for the final countdown. It was too fast for the SIM Flight, which we went through, a.nd I got an ee.:r block­ age. For the countdown, it was ju.st r ight. Very slow. 1.6 Sounds Borman We had been well briefed on a ll the soundsz the gimbaling, pre- valve, I got an ee.:r block­ age. For the countdown, it was ju.st r ight. Very slow. 1.6 Sounds Borman We had been well briefed on a ll the soundsz the gimbaling, pre- valve, a.nd erector. As a matter of fact, when the erec­ tor started down there was no sound. We had been told that probably there might be a clanking or something. I hes.rd nothing. Lovell All I saw was the sky. 1.7 Vibrations Borm8ll Vibrations. No comment. I had no problems. Lovell Is this liftoff vibrations? Borman No, this is countdown. Vibrations of the spacecraft during coun tdown. Lovell No, nothing we had not heard before. 1 .8 Visual Lovell The windows were perfeot. We had no fogging. Borman No fogging. .. - - - 3 Lovell The windows were heated previousl y as a result of 51s pro­ bl ems, and our windows, I t hought , were perfectly clean. Didn 1 t you? Borm8J'l Right. 1.9 Crew Stati on Control s a.nd Displays Lovel l Borma.n No comment . Exactly how we had pl anned it for months. Exactl y t he way that we had seen it, and no probl ems. 2 .0 POWERED FLIGHT 2.1 Liftoff Cues Borman Stoney came in loud e.nd how we had pl anned it for months. Exactl y t he way that we had seen it, and no probl ems. 2 .0 POWERED FLIGHT 2.1 Liftoff Cues Borman Stoney came in loud e.nd c l ea.r, counting the countdown. Lovell Cs.me in loud and c l ear. :Borman We lmew exactly when i t was, and I for one had absolutely no question in my mind when we lifted off. It felt like I had been t ied back, a.nd someone cut the string a.nd there was a slow but definite acceleration at lift-off. Lovell I thought you could just about put 01P COMM, V1bration, and noise together, because the motion, vibrati on , and noise all contributed to a definite knowledge that you were going somepl ace. Borman In other words, what you are saying is that you had no pro­ blems determining lift-off. Lovell No, it went. Borma.n Okay vibration wa.s nominal during l ift-off. Again, perhaps 4 it is because we were so well briefed on the simulations we have run, but I had no problems. Lovell There was a little more noise than I expected, but a little less vibration. Borman Jim said there was a little more noise than he expected. Even so,, it was not oppressive, or a problem at all. Visual. I did not have any visual cues. expected, but a little less vibration. Borman Jim said there was a little more noise than he expected. Even so,, it was not oppressive, or a problem at all. Visual. I did not have any visual cues. I was watching the instru­ ments. 1What about you, Jim. Did you pick up any? Lovell I had the clouds, end there was a visual cue. Just normal cloud cues . Borman Cockpit displays were good. The fuel pressure and oxidizer pressure were nominal the whole flight. Just perfect. 2.2 Roll Program Borman The roll program, was so short it was almost like a spike• We hardly even noticed the roll program. Did you Jim? Lovell I did not notice it at all. I heard you call it out, but I did not notice it. Borman I called it out , but we only rolled,I think,about 2 or 3°. 2.3 Pitch Program Borman The pitch program started just as in the simulator, which is very accurate on this. It looked exactly the same on the ball, and there wae no problem. Lovell The pitch program for the RGS followed exactly what the IGS -~ ..... -- ' -... , . 5 was giving for the entire l aunch. The needles were just matched perfectly--nulled. I did not see any unusual attitudes that some of the other people the IGS -~ ..... -- ' -... , . 5 was giving for the entire l aunch. The needles were just matched perfectly--nulled. I did not see any unusual attitudes that some of the other people commented on. 2.4 Aerodynamic Borman Age.in, we had had this described to us ma.ny times, and it seemed to follow right along. In the maximum q region we got some vibration and noise, but after we got through maximum q it was just like going supersonic in a fighter. You just slip through, and from then on it was just l ike riding on a train. Lovell I don't think it was bad either. 2.5 :ms Lovell Pressure went up to 5.5 in the initial stoppage, and it slowly leaked down to 5.1, and stayed there. Borman I was cool during lift-off. Lovell I was too. Comfortable. Borman Comfortable. I mean cool in the sense that it means comfor­ table. Of course we can not very well comment on the cabin atmosphere because we were sealed. 2. 6 Maximum q Borman We ha.ve already discussed this. There was some noise build up and some vibration, but nothing to worry at all about or even discuss . 6 2.7 Wind shear Borman Wind s hear. I did not notice any. Lovell I did not There was some noise build up and some vibration, but nothing to worry at all about or even discuss . 6 2.7 Wind shear Borman Wind s hear. I did not notice any. Lovell I did not notice a:ny wind shear either. Borman You could not see any on you attitude gauges either, could you? Lovell No, that is what I mean. Borman The a tti tude gauges stayed pegged. Right? Lovell They stayed nulled throughout the entire flight. I was a.ma.zed a t the accuracy with which the RGS was following the IGS program. 2.8 DCS Updates Lovell Ca.me through on schedule . Borman No problem? Lovell No trouble. Borman Have any trouble punching the light ? Lovell After the second upda.te, about 2:23 ,the g 1 s are too ~igh to let you punch off the l ight. So , you have to wai t for staging, and t hen punch the l ight. 2.9 Engine 1 Operation Borman Engine 1 opera tion, I thought, was norma.l. But I did noti ce a s l ight hint of a POGO a.round a.bout, I would esti mate, two minutes. The slightest, faintest hint. I do not think J im even noticed it. 7 Lovell I did not notice any POGO. 2,10 Engine 2 Status a.bout, I would esti mate, two minutes. The slightest, faintest hint. I do not think J im even noticed it. 7 Lovell I did not notice any POGO. 2,10 Engine 2 Status Borman It seemed to me that from about 3 minutes and 30 seconds to a.round 4 minutes, the noise and the feel was a little bit different than it was a.fter that, as if it was vibrating & little bit more. But this was sort of, a.gain, a sensing type thing, The inatrwnents were all nominal, a.nd it may have just been me, I certainly ca.n not complain about the operation, 2.11 Acceleration g's Borman J.ny- problems, Jim? Lovell No problems. They were pretty nominal, weren I t they? I could not see the g meter. Borma.n They were right on the money. And, of course, the g's we ha.ve are all experienced in the centri.fuge , and so on. One thing, when the g's dropped a t staging and at SECO I had no sensation of tumbling and no sensation of disorientation. Nothing at all. 2.12 POGO Borman I 've mentioned that I detected a slight hint of one tha.t was so smal l we cannot even really discuss it. 2.13 Guidance Initiation Lovell We had a guidance initiation. It was in OGO Borman I 've mentioned that I detected a slight hint of one tha.t was so smal l we cannot even really discuss it. 2.13 Guidance Initiation Lovell We had a guidance initiation. It was in the form of booster 8 yaw deflecting downward, more so than booster pitch deflec­ ting. Booster pitch deflected sl i ght ly t o the right, indi­ cating, at guidance initiation, a booster-high trajectory. But, they both came right back to null just after guidance initiation, and that was it. Borman We did not have the feeling that we were lofted, and then a sudden pitch down. Lovell No , th9re was no change of booster performance at all. It was just t hat the needles deflected a t guidance initiation to say that we had gui dance initiation, and after that they nulled and stayed that W83' from there on. 2.14 BECO Borman At BECO, the whole spacecraft was engulfed in a red flame . I noticed that out of the corner of my eyes. Jim, you probably had a better view than I did. Lovell Yes . Flames came up thP. side there to the window . Borman There was a definite, very brief instant of it, probably in the order of milliseconds , but it did envelope the space­ craft and I, in my own mind, wonder if side there to the window . Borman There was a definite, very brief instant of it, probably in the order of milliseconds , but it did envelope the space­ craft and I, in my own mind, wonder if this is not the place where we are picking up some of the smudge on t he window. 2.15 Stagins- Lovell Well, I did not notice any smudge at the time of staging. Slayton You did not notice any? Lovell I did not notice any . Of course, things were going pret ty fast. I did notice it after we got into o=bit, but not at 9 that particul ar time. 2.16 Engine 2 Ignition Eorma.n Again, it is so well simulated that-­ Lovell It is very smooth. :Borman It is ve:ry smooth, a.nd away you go. 2.17 RGS Initiate :Borman We l l, we have talked about that. Lovell Yes, that is what I was talking about back p.!'eviously. 2.18 GO/NO GO :Borman GO/NO GO. Houston, on the ground, came through great. We got a GO/NO GO before the 30 seconds we were waiting £or spacecraft separate. So, we knew we were in good shape before we ever had the possibility we would have to burn. Of course, we also had the IVI's onboa.rd and they seconds we were waiting £or spacecraft separate. So, we knew we were in good shape before we ever had the possibility we would have to burn. Of course, we also had the IVI's onboa.rd and they are very good also. 2.19 Systems Status Borman The systems were all great. No problem, during powered flight. We got two delt a Plights. Lovell Oh, yes, that is right. :Borman We are talking about spacecraft systems. We got delta P light on BECO in the first stage that went off at staging, then came back on during second stage flight, and then the 10 :::action 2 delta Plight did not go out a.nd it was ••• Lovell No, J:ection 1 went on and out again during the £light. It went out a t, I think it went out at SECO. Borman That is right. Lovell But 'Section 2 came on and we saw that one £or the next 14 days. 2.20 Acceleration Borman Acceleration during stage 2 was right on the money, right on the program. I read of£, I think i t was about six a.nd a half g a maximum. We read this off after SECO. I 2.21 Fairing Jettison Borman Fairing Jettison, I did not even hear it. I was concentra­ ting on the horizon , trying to half g a maximum. We read this off after SECO. I 2.21 Fairing Jettison Borman Fairing Jettison, I did not even hear it. I was concentra­ ting on the horizon , trying to get set for turning around. Jim j ettisoned the fairing and punched the Spacecraft SEP. I did not see a.nything or hear a.nything. Lovell I saw debris and heard it and had a definite knowledge that a squib had gone off. There had been an explosion. 3.0 INSERTION 3.1 Post SECO Borman Maneuver controller was easy to reach. I had it out, and there was no problem. It came out and was ready to go. Attitudes and rates, there were none. The thing was as solid a.a a rock as far as I could determine. I was watching 11 the horizon, and the attitude remained constant a.nd the rates were so minimal you could not even pick them up. I noticed no transients, we experienced no·•·•••••~•• as far as I know that was discernible. Lovell Borman Did you try to damp out the .. There was nothing to damp out. Lovell Okay. :Borman In fact, I did not use the thrusters at all for that. I t just sat there. 3.2 SECO pl us 30 seconds Lovell I have the nothing to damp out. Lovell Okay. :Borman In fact, I did not use the thrusters at all for that. I t just sat there. 3.2 SECO pl us 30 seconds Lovell I have the IVI readings on a. ca.rd. Do you have those- cards that we took off? :Borman Yes. Lovell I am sorry. We did not get forward-aft, left-right, u.p or down because they were so quick, and I was trying to get the camera. But it was 17 1n the fore and a.ft wmdow, 13 in the left-right, and up and down was 20. Borman What do you mean. you did not get them? They a.re there. Lovell No, I did not know a.ft or forwa.rd, or left or right, or up or down. :Borman Oh, I see. Lovell I just saw th&t they were so small tha.t I just wrote down the numbers as a ... 12 Borman 17, 30, and 20. There might have been a 13, 17, a.nd 20... Lovell About what the numbers ca.me up with. Borman Spacecraft separation. We separated with minimum delay be­ tween thrusting and Spacecraft SEP. Jim actuated the space­ craft separation. I did not hear the thrusters firing. I could not hear them; and I orman Spacecraft separation. We separated with minimum delay be­ tween thrusting and Spacecraft SEP. Jim actuated the space­ craft separation. I did not hear the thrusters firing. I could not hear them; and I did not even helU' spacecraft separation, but -- Lovell I heard Spacecraft SEP, but I o·ould not hear the thrusters firing. But you told me you were firing the thrusters-- Borman I ea.id th.rusting a.nd SEIP Spacecraft a.nd we did it and away we went. I thrusted for about 2 seconds. Almost immedi­ ately, as soon as we had £inished thrusting, I started a yaw right 180°, and the rates were right around, I think a.round --Of course, you should be able to pick this up off telemetry, but I would estimate they were 3° to 4° per second turning around. As soon as I ha.d the booster in sight, I thrueted be.ck 5 seconds. This is the way we tried in silllulations, The simulations in St. Louis were excell ent. Lovell Turned out that was the best technique to use, 2 seconds for the 2 seconds forward a.nd a 5 second return. Borman Lovell We turned around a.nd there it was, bigger than the devil! At that distance there was no problem staying in there. Borman Now, I the 2 seconds forward a.nd a 5 second return. Borman Lovell We turned around a.nd there it was, bigger than the devil! At that distance there was no problem staying in there. Borman Now, I did have some problem because the booster was bending 13 so rapidl y. It wa.s tremendous. It looked like one of the autogenous lines ha.d been cut. I guess it was cut with a pyro, a.nd it was really bending and this was causing it to translate as well as rotate. And in order to stay with it, I was having to use quite a bit of fuel; although it was certainly a nominal task. I also went through severa l con­ trol modes switchings. I sta:rted out in PULSE and I could not get around fast enough, so I went to DIRECT a.nd then slowed it up in RA.TE COMMAND. Slowed up the direct rate I was using with R