DOW-UAP-D098, Film Analysis of Unidentified Objects, 1953

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Extra copies may be removed, but the Record Copy (identified by the control number) must remain attached at all times. 1933 MAY 4 AM 815 AUTICS RCEIVED NAVAER 141A (REV. 1-52) (BACK) CONFIDENTIAL (Do not write below this line) ATTACH ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON LETTER SIZE (8x10) SHEETS ONLY. NUMBER ALL COMMENTS IN DATE ORDER. SECURITY INFORMATION C-50423 CONFIDENTIAL- U. S. NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER U. S. NAVAL RECEIVING STATION Washington 25, D. C. MAY 4 1953 99 Code 01/HWW/1bh J12 Serial: 0105 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION From: Officer in Charge To: Director of Naval Intelligence (OP-322H4D) Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on Ref: (a) Conf 1tr DNI OP322Y5/rtm, dtd 27 Oct 1952 with enclosures thereto (b) Conf memo, Chief, Topical Division, USAF, AFOIN 2A2, dtd 24 Nov 1952 with enclosures thereto (c) PIC Conf ltr 01/HWW/gcl, ser 0263 dtd 5 Dec 1952 (d) Rest memo, Chief, Topical Division, USAF, AFOIN 2A2, dtd 16 Feb 1953 Encl: (1) Charts 2-13 1. Reference (a) is a request from U. S. Air Force for the interpretation of movies of unidentified objects taken in Utah, 2 July 1952. Included among the enclosures are approximately 30 feet of processed, 16mm color motion picture film and a list of questions for guidance in determining the type of analysis desired. Reference (b) requested interpretation of additional movies taken in Montana, 1950. This report supercedes reference (c) and presents the test procedures and methods designed to answer the questions contained in enclosure 7 of reference (a). Air Force for the interpretation of movies of unidentified objects taken in Utah, 2 July 1952. Included among the enclosures are approximately 30 feet of processed, 16mm color motion picture film and a list of questions for guidance in determining the type of analysis desired. Reference (b) requested interpretation of additional movies taken in Montana, 1950. This report supercedes reference (c) and presents the test procedures and methods designed to answer the questions contained in enclosure 7 of reference (a). The results and analysis were performed by the Photogrammetry Division, Evaluation Department of this Center and do not necessarily represent the official attitude of the Depart- ment of the Navy or this Center. 2. Tests and Procedure. a. Plots. The film exposed in Utah is in very poor condition; dry, brittle, and with a tendency to break. After initial viewing, duplication of the film was performed in order to preserve the film. In the duplication process some color correction was made to permit better viewing of the objects. To prepare plots of the objects, a stop frame projector was rigidly mounted at a fixed distance from a finely-ground glass screen. The magnification was 22 times giving a format size of 14.2" wide. This proved very satisfactory and provided a shadow free image upon which overlay plots could be made. CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION DECLASSIFIED NND 67905 BKT NARA, Date 6/25/26 Enclosure's Rec'd eif 12 Code 01/HWW/1bh J12 Serial: 0105 MAY 4 1953 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on A preliminary detailed study of the Utah film was made and it was decided that: a. Brightly colored spots of red and green lasting only one or two frames were not to be considered. b. Water spots could be detected easily and eliminated from the study. c. The color of the objects was fairly constant as blue-white. d. Size and luminosity of an object varied through-out the film. For convenience in interpretation, the film was divided into three parts, each part being considered an entity. Part I consisted of the footage taken at f8; Part II, the footage taken at f16 with a panning motion; and Part III, the footage taken at f16 during which the camera was held steady. Three definite groups from the study. c. The color of the objects was fairly constant as blue-white. d. Size and luminosity of an object varied through-out the film. For convenience in interpretation, the film was divided into three parts, each part being considered an entity. Part I consisted of the footage taken at f8; Part II, the footage taken at f16 with a panning motion; and Part III, the footage taken at f16 during which the camera was held steady. Three definite groups of lights were observed through- out the film and plots were recorded as follows: TABLE I PLOTS OF POSITIONS Utah Parts Control Chart I II III Holding to lower group Not enclosed I II Holding to one object and azimuth of another 2 and 3 I Arbitrary 1/2 inch correction per frame for panning 4 III Holding to frame outline 5a and 5b I One image held to base line. Every tenth frame to show changes within apparent formations 6 Montana All Terrestrial Objects 7a and 7b CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 2 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Code Ol/HWW/lbh J12 Serial: 0105 MAY 4 1953 CONFIDENTIAL- SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on b. Densitometric tests: Densitometric data were obtained with a Densichron, Model 2150 manufactured by the Welch Scientific Company. The Densichron has a scale range of 0-3. The procedure was to project each frame at approximately 22 times magnification onto a finely-grained-glass screen. The back- ground (sky) was then measured at several places and the density set to 3.0 (variations in background densities were in the order of 0.02 and were regarded as uniform). A set of three readings were made of each of seven objects in Part I, and of the single object in Part III of the Utah Film. Readings were made of the entire Montana film. Enclosure (8a and 8b) are graphs of the density readings obtained of the two lower groups of objects in frames 1-129 of the Utah film. Enclosure (9) is a density graph of the single object (94 frames) in Part III. Enclosure (10) is a graph where six successive Densichron readings were averaged and advanced one reading each deter- minant. Of the of the single object in Part III of the Utah Film. Readings were made of the entire Montana film. Enclosure (8a and 8b) are graphs of the density readings obtained of the two lower groups of objects in frames 1-129 of the Utah film. Enclosure (9) is a density graph of the single object (94 frames) in Part III. Enclosure (10) is a graph where six successive Densichron readings were averaged and advanced one reading each deter- minant. Of the Montana film, densities were plotted as above and are enclosures (11) and (12). The results of the density readings may be questioned in that these objects varied in size so that at the minimum sizes the densichron probe was measuring the entire object, and at the maximum size the probe was measuring only a portion of the objects. Because of this situation only the largest readings obtained by scanning the objects were used. It is understood that normal procedure would be to read the entire object. This was impossible with the equipment on hand. In addition the film, with which this investigation was conducted, is a duplicate of a copy. This raises the question as to whether the central portion of the objects were burnt out during the duplication processing. Density readings were made to compare the clear areas and the objects. It was found that the minimum difference is 0.4. This indicates that relative luminosity may still be obtained with the pro- cedure used. Concurrent with the density readings, relative sizes of the objects were noted in order to correlate distance and luminosity. Enclosure (13) is a plot of the same object wherein the relationship of distance and luminosity can be detected in Utah film. 3. Answers to Questions. Answers keyed to the questions contained in enclosure (7) of reference (a) are hereby presented. They supercede those contained in reference (c) and present the final analysis as requested. CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL 3 SECURITY INFORMATION Code Ol/HWW/lbh J12 Serial: 0105 CONFIDENTIAL MAY 4 1953 SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on 1. Analysis of the graph correlating luminosity and size indicate that as the luminosity of the objects increase, the size is larger also. This could be the effect of viewing directly, a reflecting surface. This is considered not probable because of the length of time they present the final analysis as requested. CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL 3 SECURITY INFORMATION Code Ol/HWW/lbh J12 Serial: 0105 CONFIDENTIAL MAY 4 1953 SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on 1. Analysis of the graph correlating luminosity and size indicate that as the luminosity of the objects increase, the size is larger also. This could be the effect of viewing directly, a reflecting surface. This is considered not probable because of the length of time they were viewed continuously on the film, approxi- mately 90 seconds, and because of the angle through which they were photographed, approximately 60 degrees. It is felt that if these images are reflective surfaces, blinking would occur during a period of 90 seconds while passing through an angle of 60 degrees when photographed at the rate of 16 frames per second. This premise would permit highly reflective balloons or spheroids to be a possibility. However, the velocity and acceleration computations (sub paragraph 8) rule this possibility out. It appears, therefore, that if these objects are a reflecting surface, they are of a design, speed, and power not commonly known. The velocity and acceleration attributed to the objects may be caused by light reflected off a highly reflective surface onto an atomospheric screen where a slight angular turn of the reflective surface would appear as high acceleration. This possibility is considered not probable because of the sun angle and atmospheric condition reported at the time of photography and because of the variations in luminosity which, under the above conditions would remain constant. It is the majority opinion of the group conducting this analysis that these images are light sources. This will explain the non-blinking and variations in luminosity but not the velocity or acceleration factors. In either case, light source or reflective surface, it appears as if the objects are of a nature which we are not able to identify in terms of natural phenomena or commonly known man-made objects. 2. There is no indication of what kind of objects could have caused the images except that they must be of a construction, design, and material not commonly known. This is indicated by the computed acceleration rate and elocity (answer 3). For the same reasons, birds, aircraft and balloons are ruled out. 3. An analysis of the charts relative to movement indicate that there were group and individual movement. Within a group it appears as if the individual objects were 2. There is no indication of what kind of objects could have caused the images except that they must be of a construction, design, and material not commonly known. This is indicated by the computed acceleration rate and elocity (answer 3). For the same reasons, birds, aircraft and balloons are ruled out. 3. An analysis of the charts relative to movement indicate that there were group and individual movement. Within a group it appears as if the individual objects were moving counter-clock-wise along an elliptical or similar track. Thus when two objects crossed the camera line of sight they will appear to fuse into one. As they continued along their paths it will appear as if one object became two. This occured at reglar intervals at approximately every 25th frame as plotted in charts 5a and 5b. CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL 4 CURITY INFORMATION Code Ol/HWW/lbh J12 Serial: 0105 CONFIDENTIAL MAY 4 1953 SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on 4. All objects appear to have the same characteristics in regards to shape, color, size and relative motion. 5. The shape of the objects appears to be oblate or disk shaped, color; blue-white, and maximum and minimum size; 98 and 16 feet. The size is based on the assumption that the objects are five miles from the observer. 6. Fade in and fade out of the objects were analyzed as in 3 above. In this case the group movement was such that the distance between the objects and camera was increased so that the objects could not be recorded on the film thereby causing the apparent fade- out. Fade-in as attributed to a shortening of the distance from the fade-out area to the camera station. 7. Plots of the groups indicate that the objects move counter- clock-wise relative to the axis of flight path. However, nothing has been detected which indicates motion of the individual objects about their own axis although this motion appears to be likely. 8. In determining the velocity of the objects three assumptions were made: a. The camera was held steady during Part III of the film. b. The objects were moving perpendicular to the optical axis, and c. The objects were five miles from the camera. It is obvious that (b) is a fallacy; however, this assumption will give the minimum velocity and the actual velocity is greater than individual objects about their own axis although this motion appears to be likely. 8. In determining the velocity of the objects three assumptions were made: a. The camera was held steady during Part III of the film. b. The objects were moving perpendicular to the optical axis, and c. The objects were five miles from the camera. It is obvious that (b) is a fallacy; however, this assumption will give the minimum velocity and the actual velocity is greater than computed. The assumption that the objects are five miles from the camera is an arbitrary one. However, based on the emulsion speed and focal length, an object 50 feet in diameter and five miles from the camera will be recorded on the film with sufficient resolution to identify major details of the object. It is felt that if these objects were closer than five miles at the time of recording, details would appear on the film. Velocity is computed to be 3780 mph for a shift of 1 mm per frame if the object is five miles from the observer. From 55 measurements taken from Part III of the Utah film, the maximum and minimum velocities -CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 5 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Code Ol/HWW/lbh J12 Serial: 0105 MAY 4 1953 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on were 2457 and 378 mph respectively. These figures differ from those given in reference (c) and were computed from measurements obtained under more controlled conditions. Acceleration was determined from the formula: a Vf VO where: T a Acceleration Vf final velocity VO = initial velocity T=time = 1/16 second Since "g" is equal to 32.17 ft/sec2 it was computed that: Maximum acceleration = 21,168 mph/sec = 965 g Minimum acceleration = 1,104 mph/sec = 50 g Maximum deceleration = 32,448 mph/sec. 1479 g Minimum deceleration = 272 mph/sec = 12 g Velocity and acceleration determinations were also made from the Montana film. In this case, terrestial objects appeared in the film and were held to as control. Subsequently, the velocity and acceleration determinations are considered to be more reliable. On the assumption of (b) and (c) above the maximum and minimum velocities of the left object are 1374 and 361 mph respectfully. For the right g Maximum deceleration = 32,448 mph/sec. 1479 g Minimum deceleration = 272 mph/sec = 12 g Velocity and acceleration determinations were also made from the Montana film. In this case, terrestial objects appeared in the film and were held to as control. Subsequently, the velocity and acceleration determinations are considered to be more reliable. On the assumption of (b) and (c) above the maximum and minimum velocities of the left object are 1374 and 361 mph respectfully. For the right object they are 1117 and 189 mph. Accelerations were computed as: Maximum acceleration mph/sec Minimum acceleration mph/sec 0 Maximum deceleration mph/sec Minimum deceleration mph/sec 13,184 0 Left Object 14,016 639 g Og 601 g Og = = Right Object 12640 ■576g 0 Og 14288 = 651g Og The above determinations were made from a total of 322 measure- ments. It was noted that the acceleration and determinations were in multiples of 12.5 approximately. This may be of significance although no study has been conducted to determine this. 9. Velocity and acceleration were treated in sub-paragraph 8 above. Paragraph 2a indicates the controls used during this investi- gation. CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL 6 SECURITY INFORMATION -Code 01/HWW/lbh J12 Serial: 0105 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Subj: Interpretation of Movies of Unidentified Objects; progress report on 10. a. There is no recurring pattern in the relative position of the objects in formation. It appears however, as if the shift in relative positions were regular and that the original formation would be recovered if the continuing action has been recorded. b. No. However, the same formation is maintained with objects changing positions. c. No detection of relative positions being maintained coincidental with movement about their axis. d. No detection of undulating motion of objects in phase either in formation or tumbling motion. e. There is evidence of abrupt changes in direction of flight path through fairly large angles. f. Certain objects do appear to remain motionless while other move about. g. Certain objects disappear while still well within the field of view. This is discussed in sub-paragraph 6 above. 4. Discussion. During the study and investigation of the unidentified objects, the preliminary data about their axis. d. No detection of undulating motion of objects in phase either in formation or tumbling motion. e. There is evidence of abrupt changes in direction of flight path through fairly large angles. f. Certain objects do appear to remain motionless while other move about. g. Certain objects disappear while still well within the field of view. This is discussed in sub-paragraph 6 above. 4. Discussion. During the study and investigation of the unidentified objects, the preliminary data uncovered were revealed to experts (with proper security clearance) in the fields of astronomy and physics. Although they presented certain natural phenomena theories to explain the cause of the objects under certain conditions they were not able to do so under the conditions during which the photography was taken, nor were they able to recognize these objects as man-made. As to the results of the investigations being reported, no attempt was made to corroborate the opinions presented. Because of the lack of proper equipment, money and personnel, the investigation was limited. There are obvious tests which can be conducted to prove or disprove some of the findings presented. It is suggested that these be undertaken. 5. Reference (d) requests spectrophotometric analysis of the Utah film be made. Preliminary plan of test is underway. L. W. KEITH Copy to: CNO (OP553) BuAer (PH) CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 7 PLOTS OF DENSITY AND MAGNITUDE (SIZE) OF AN OBJECT SHOWING POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 30 20 20 20 20 2.2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Density TRADE & MARK CROSS SECTION MILLIMETER 20 3.0 4.0 Magnitude 30 20 CROSS SECTION MILLIMETER TRADE & MARK 40 Magnitude CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 50 Frames 60 70 80 Density Plot 20 30 40 50 Frames Magnitude (Size-Major Axis) Plot 60 70 Enclosure 13 50 60 70 80 90 Frames Magnitude (Size-Minor Axis) Plot CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 --- OCR Start --- CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 2 End. 12 Frames 0 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 MILLIMETER 20 3.0 4.0 Magnitude 30 20 CROSS SECTION MILLIMETER TRADE & MARK 40 Magnitude CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 50 Frames 60 70 80 Density Plot 20 30 40 50 Frames Magnitude (Size-Major Axis) Plot 60 70 Enclosure 13 50 60 70 80 90 Frames Magnitude (Size-Minor Axis) Plot CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 --- OCR Start --- CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 2 End. 12 Frames 0 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Legend- Image I 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION --- OCR End --- CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION DENSITY READINGS 34 3.2 50 28 T 26 24 NO IMAGE 22 A A NOTE Montana film Lowest reading indicates brightest image egen Image 2 Enclosure 11 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Frames CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION DENSITY READINGS CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION NOTE- Phase III Utah Film Enclosure 9 Frames CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION DENSITY READINGS CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 20 30 40 Frames 50 60 70 80 90 100 NOTE - Smallest recording indicates brightest image Part II LEGEND - Image 1 " 2 " 3 " 4 Enclosure 8 A CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION AVERAGE OF DENSITY READINGS Legend Image 2 3 4 Enclosure 10 Note Utah Film Frames CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION --- CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Enclosure 2 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Enclosure 3 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Legend - Image 1 - " 2 -- " 3 2 " 3 " 4 Enclosure 8 A CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION AVERAGE OF DENSITY READINGS Legend Image 2 3 4 Enclosure 10 Note Utah Film Frames CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION --- CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Enclosure 2 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Enclosure 3 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Legend - Image 1 - " 2 -- " 3 - " 4 - Group I Group II Group III Enclosure 4 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Enclosure 5 A CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Enclosure 5B Legend - Image 1 2 3 4 5 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Note — Montana Film Enclosure 7 Legend Image 1 — " 2 — — — CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 3.2 DENSITY READINGS CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 30 2.8 2.6 24 1 CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION 10 Enclosure 8 B 20 30 40 50 60 ZO 80 Frames CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION Note Smallest reading indicating. brightest image. Part I Legened Image 5 6 90 100