Doc 0000173691

ild"i'''lii'lliitiiilt'•lfi:'iif'illtlll'llli"Wiiilltiiili'• n w~>hi'ililliiiiMiltnil~millllil·••r•n•mliiii·a. .n. liilil-•rii'Xilllti'lili?i iltll.""'iiii7ill71n•••-•rrr· ·~••••••••••••Ill J . ( '( QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT 1 November 1970 - 31 January 1971 Technical progress in this period was as follows: 1) Acquisition and review of applicable reports and data, Z) Prclirninary organb~ation of a systc1natic approach to the problem of personnel incapacitation, and 3) Two ad hoc evaluations of proposed incapacitation systems. 1. Thirty-eight unclassified and twe~"lty-!ive classified documents are now on hand, covering a wide range of electrical, chemical, sensory and physical n1eans of restraint or behavior control. Each of these doctirnents has been screened by one or more staff members. ·. Z. On 18 November 1970, a report on an' Jnashblindness simulation pro- posal was forwarded to 1_ __] It was concl:ded that it might not be possible to extrapolate the proposed simulation results to levels of flash intensity that would be useful operationally. The risk of permanent eye damage at high light levels, furthermore, would not be clarified by the tests. The perforn:c..;-...._, tasks proposed were not detailed sufficiently to determin~ their relevance i.o real situations. Several operational drawbacks of the flash blindness technique itself were pointed out, for example, the critical positioning of flares with respect to the subject by reason of the inverse square law, and the limited usefulness during the daxtime, 'and the conspicuity of the technique at night. The short time of effectiveness makes this technique more useful as an ad junct system than as a. primary behavioral control technique. Primate studies were suggested as a means of establishing damage thresholds and performanc.: decrements under actual (rather than simulated) flash conditions. 3. On 31 December 1970 a memorandum o~ the ..::.._ ___ _]non-lethal elec- L. l trified net system was forwarded to Unfortunately, the data provided by the manufacturer are not completely explicit. Based on certain assumption:> ( -~ ( ( ( about the device, it was concluded that a) under sotnc conditions the-=-------~ could cause partial incapacitation by paraly:r.ing the subject's arms.; and that b) it woulq be unlil<.cly to kill healthy people. Disadvantages of the system sten1. from the extreme variability of the skin resistance factor -- depending on surface contact area, hun1idity, body sw,!at, etc., the likelihood of the net shorting itself out, the ine!!ectivcncss against fully clothed subjects (who might even be wearing gloves), and the probability that the subject, even though his arms were immobilized, could still run The image features a stylized graphic of a bank vault door on the left, with a luminous blue glow emanating from it. To the right of the vault, the title "THE BLACK VAULT" is rendered in a bold, white, handwritten-style font against a dark, glowing background. Below the title, white text describes the document's origin from "The Black Vault," an online database of declassified government documents, specifically mentioning the "MKULTRA/Mind Control Collection" and its source from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). A yellow hyperlink directing to "http://mkultra.theblackvault.com" is prominently displayed at the bottom. of the skin resistance factor -- depending on surface contact area, hun1idity, body sw,!at, etc., the likelihood of the net shorting itself out, the ine!!ectivcncss against fully clothed subjects (who might even be wearing gloves), and the probability that the subject, even though his arms were immobilized, could still run and free himself !rom the :o:J net. The effectiveness of the therefore, is open to quest~on. A rough _t circuit diagram of a device which fulfills the specifications of the was prepared. 4. Consideration has been given to a systematic approach to the incapacita tion problem. There is a spectrum of situations or scenarios in which immo bilization or restraint systems would be desirable. These range from a situation in which there is a single assailant (such as a hijacker) who must be subdued in the presence of a large number of innocent bystanders, to a one-to-one confrontation between individuals, to an individual (such as a diplomat) or small group surrounded by a large hostile crowd, to a full- scale riot situation. Each of these situations has different technical requirements for an optimum .system. Incapacitation systems can be categorized in several other ways. They may be grouped according to the general method used: Psycho logical Impact Chemical Sensory Restraining Electrical or they may be categorized according to the agent employed Projectiles nases Sound -2- _____ / = • ,. , • . e•"tHt£ r ·c ( ( ( ( Light Shock wave Nets Bolas Polyrncrs Drugs, etc. Regardless of what type of device is used, certain attributes of each system need to be considered, as they apply to different scenarios: Degree of incapacitation Delivery System Length of incapacitation Speed of action Requirement for antidote Residual effects Lethality risk Risk of system failure/ countermeasures Range Covertness Suitable for individual (or group) Safety of user Size and weight Environmental requirements Shelf life Training requirements Plans for future work Definitive work on a systematic evaluation of known and pr01~•isi . ng · - --p--ers--o-n-n=ell incapacitation techniques awaits a conference with 1 · - tentatively scheduled for March, 1971. The following steps will be taken in the meantime: 1) Literature search will be carried out as follows: ________ _jDocum.cnt Collection -3- ----- ~J _} ( ( (. ( • I • ---rJ)ocun~cnt Library (computer search} \M_cdical Library J Library and 1 Medical School Library * 2} Schematics for a JJtype device will be forwarded The document is a typewritten page from a technical progress report, dated November 1, 1970, to January 31, 1971. There are no photographs, diagrams, forms, or tables present. However, there are several handwritten annotations and markings. These include what appear to be checkmarks or incomplete brackets next to certain bullet points, and a circled number "203" in the bottom right corner, potentially a page number or document identifier. There are also several small, smudged markings at the top of the page that are difficult to discern. No official stamps or redacted content are visible. The document page contains typed text and some handwritten annotations. There are no photographs, stamps, forms, diagrams, or tables visible. The page has several instances of redaction or obscured content, indicated by bracketed boxes or lines, particularly around the middle and right side of the page. These redactions obscure specific details within the typed text, suggesting sensitive information. taken in the meantime: 1) Literature search will be carried out as follows: ________ _jDocum.cnt Collection -3- ----- ~J _} ( ( (. ( • I • ---rJ)ocun~cnt Library (computer search} \M_cdical Library J Library and 1 Medical School Library * 2} Schematics for a JJtype device will be forwarded ·- * 3) An evaluation o! a patent o! an electrified projectile will be forwarded -. * These reports are enclosed -4- - . - ( I • .. I' QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT 1 February 1971 - 30 April 1971 Technical progress in this period was as follows: 1) Submission of possible schematics for a Z) Evalllation of a patent of an electrified projectile. 3) Completion of literature search of the following libraries: ~ocument collection 'Document Library /Medical Library . · ) Library lM~dical Library /Police Academy Library 4) Presentation of a group of status r~ports to the Project Monitor during his visit --·)on ZO April 1971. The items presented were: a) a general outline of the Behavioral Control Support programs to date. b) a summary of the Behavioral Control literature review c} Brief descriptions of several real-life situations and possible incapacitating agents applicable to each {preliminary only) d) Suggestions for future activities under Behavioral Control Support Project. L This report was submitted on 12 February 1971. The possible schematics fare c s.Senti.ally; -- .~-· a} .an autc ignition s yst~:m. and opposed to z:o· Kv for th'-! -1- (. life and arcing problem~ that would exist with the higher voltage system. 2. U.S. Patent 3, 523,538 describes an dcctrical shock-producing projec tile. The projectile would be incapable of producing the 11i'alsc e-pilepsy, 11 as claimed by the inventor, would have a limited range, and besides being ineffective it could possibly harm the victim. 3. A description of the literature search is given under 4{B). 4. The status reports presented to the Project Monitor will be found in attach ments A, B, C and D. -- -- ___ ------------ -------- .--~- -2- -------------·---------- -- .. ----, '' ( \ DEH.t\VIO.RAL CONTROL SUPPORT Gcnl·r~ l Outline of Program l. Review Li tcrature a) Folic c and criminology c) Patents and proposals b) ~-icdi~al and scientific f) Science fiction, comics, etc. c) Military g) Other d) International 2.. Describe the fadors which constitute the generalized conflict/control sitllations of int~resl: a) nuniber of antagonists b) number of protagonists c) intensity range of Li tcrature a) Folic c and criminology c) Patents and proposals b) ~-icdi~al and scientific f) Science fiction, comics, etc. c) Military g) Other d) International 2.. Describe the fadors which constitute the generalized conflict/control sitllations of int~resl: a) nuniber of antagonists b) number of protagonists c) intensity range of hostilities (actual or predicted) d) time scale e) location/mobility/ environmental factors f) availability of ~dditional support g) effects desired i) offensive {calm, disperse, arrest, subdue, incapacitate, immobilize) ii) defensive {avoid hostilities, self-protection, escape/f~ight) 3. Prepare brief, representative real-life situations to serve as examples and help generate ideas: a) Surrounded automobile d) the crowd b) Lone individual e) Pursuit d) The snatch f) Protection oi individuals and p'roperty 4. Study available and proposed weapons/devices and strategies in light o! des~red effects and user-criteria dictated by various situations. 5. Co:npile lists of as yet undeveloped devices/weapons and recommend design and bench testing of those judged most valuable. Some possible ----- .-- __ exa.r r. p le s : ' .a} {or similar agent {Q'}- r.iptJ, transcutaneous administration o{ r.:irtzi;& ;: b} Syll.c.hrol"'.iz.cd strobe lights an~ sound stimuli at critical !.::-equencies c) Vario..s undetectable (or subthreshold[ physiolo-g.ical insdts ' d) Low-1:'~:lo..::it;y7. h~;:;,·h-m.as·s, low ps;i :proje.c.tit-c$: torjj~t-propellcd J medidnoe baU]i';,. 1 c) ... J 6. Respond to a.il ?-.:·ac .1T'eqtli'~.sts< .for eva:Luatiom. o:l cor,.cepts. proposals, p.at0nts • .:-t a) b) c) Japane:S'~ ?a..~.enl:; d) Others ------------------ ·- ( \ I3EH.-\ VIORAL CONTROL LITERATURE REVIEW To d;;tl~, our sc;;rch for u<.:havioral <.:onlrol literature has includcc.l the following loc<>.l libr;;ries, <>.11 of whid1 yielded some information: Dcp:1rtment -,-·-· '- document librnry '-.... n1cdical library '-. . ··. ..\ -· general library \__medical library /Police Academy The original 50 documents received at the start of the contract have been thoroughly reviewed by Drs. / Those publications, by n:1ture of the!ir pre-selection, pertinence and variety, arc ' still the core of our incapacitation literature. Several of them were used in a pilot run in order to ·devise the evaluation form, shown in Attachment A. This form will be used later to provide quick reference to factors from selected proposals and techniques. In February ·1971, all the literature then in our possession was screened ior · bibliographic references to other works. A master list was made, from which library searches were conducted. By March it had become obvio~:.s which material was not available locally, and those 'items remaining on The image is a scanned typewritten document with handwritten annotations and markings. The top of the page contains some horizontal lines and two sets of parentheses. The main body of the text lists various attributes related to incapacitation systems and plans for future work. There are some ink marks and smudges scattered across the page, and a stamp indicating "-3-" appears in the bottom right corner with some drawing marks nearby. There are no photographs, diagrams, or forms visible. proposals and techniques. In February ·1971, all the literature then in our possession was screened ior · bibliographic references to other works. A master list was made, from which library searches were conducted. By March it had become obvio~:.s which material was not available locally, and those 'items remaining on the list were then ordered through the j(2.8 unclassii'ieci documents) or through Washington (26 classified items). As oi April 19, sixteen unclassified documents were still on order, along with the cl<>.ssiii.,•ci material. The library work also included a search of carq c_atalocs ann indic ..• s of -· ---· ~- ----~~~~...c;.::~~,r~l--=-.l.f'~~r-nncnt topics, as well as a searci1 oi rc ..: -:r~t '1.-v:un~~s IS' f<.'ltj.f:"r-"ai..s.. P. . lil Q.{ the. loca:Hy avaii'.:iib·l~ l~:<c:-~<.u'-rc h<..s a:-.::· ~ :: !ivcn in Att= - - ~ ·c .:-• . • . _ . . . . . . . . .. - .. . . . ., . ., . . . .. B'. J ' - T· .b ·· • '-" co I • ' . l b r'C.u . l . O .. .>T.· con$1 · Sls 01 · llS. i.'cn1.s ;..t' ·.:~is - 1- . -------------------- --·--·- ·- I : (_ ( . :.• '. \.OJH"lusions Our literature sean:h has bel·n ~omprchcnsivc enough to draw the following conclusions: 1. As ex.pcctcd, the open literature docs not mention any innovCJ.tive hard w<lrc whic.;h could be easily adapted to our purposes. 2. The greatest concentration of published materi01l has been in the categories of light (flashblinciness), sound (01ll frequencies), electricity (shock, electronarcosis, electromagnetic radiation) and chemicals (drugs and gases). Very little open literature is available on biological weapons, odor, ten1pcra'ture, vibration or applicable psychological methods of incapacitation. 3. It appears that certain gaps in the literature· can be filled only by obtaining classified documents through Washington. 4. The police literature is mainly concerned with riot control. The police appear to be the recipients rather than the initiators o! research into new techniques of behavioral control. 5. Our group now has a broad and general conception of current incapacita tion devices and techniques~ The most profitable course for further search o! the literature would be to narrow our fields o! interest (as proposed in the program !or the coming months}, and collect inforr.-.ation in those specialized areas. 6. An ongoing, general survey .o! published material concerning personnel incapacitation will be maintajn~M-ss ori.hc?;~\I.S ar cii.re.dion The page contains a list of items that are to be forwarded, specifically to various libraries including a "Document Library (computer search)", a "Medical Library", and a "Medical School Library". Two items are specifically mentioned: "Schematics for a [redacted] type device" and "An evaluation of a patent of an electrified projectile". There are also handwritten markings, including a page number "-4-". The page also appears to have some content redacted, represented by a large bounding box in the center of the page. The overall appearance of the document suggests it is a business or administrative document, likely a transmittal or cover memo. This page contains a detailed progress report with typed text and handwritten annotations. The report appears to be a formal document, possibly an official form, with numbered sections and sub-points. There are no photographs, diagrams, or structured data visible. Handwritten annotations include check marks and what appear to be corrections or additions to the text, particularly concerning the libraries consulted and the specifics of the report. There are no official stamps or redactions, but a circled number "204" in the bottom right corner could indicate a page number or internal document identifier. The visual elements are primarily text, indicating a written report rather than visual documentation of experiments. most profitable course for further search o! the literature would be to narrow our fields o! interest (as proposed in the program !or the coming months}, and collect inforr.-.ation in those specialized areas. 6. An ongoing, general survey .o! published material concerning personnel incapacitation will be maintajn~M-ss ori.hc?;~\I.S ar cii.re.dion -t •hh !)\ tJt;Lr futu.rcp.ro:~=-~-· -! -2- • •'':VH.:w ..: u i)~-: _._ --~ S(·rial No. _r1-. Doc. No. ... Date: ~. ., ..,.,.....,...,..,.,. ____~ Title t;' ------------------------------------------ 'lc~hniq,H·~: - -- .. 4-• ..,..-....,. .... ..,..,._.""""'''--· '"'----·----- ' -------------------· - ...,-r~-..-•. -..-... --.,·--~~,... .... _,._. .... .:-.•....:.r.~--- -: • • --•-• • .• • .. ••••• •-•-• •• •••-••• •••-•••• • • ••••• • --• • • --•-• --·~·----~~"··-·-·~,-·,~·----~---·----------·---- lncapJcitatlon Remarks: of detrt.'~ ·--'-""'"-·~~----."-------:-=----------- length of ~--..: ,.,.Jf-.'"'.·"--::'·':'"~!""-"--- Speed oi Ac tipn .. ~---...... ,.~ -.,·~--------- Residual'fffccu ~-.-,,.-.~-~~--~L,- --:------------------------- ........ , I ..;,:,;-.----- .. Lethality Ri;k ._...,.-.,., _ _____ -·""="-~·~'"""'-"'------------------------------- ... Dependabilitr -___.:_.__ __:__ ~~~ Countermeasures .,..,...._ _ . ·------------------------ -.--~~~~-~~---------------------------------------------~------ --- Delivery System .... _______________________ _ - ~--.-.- .. -~--~~-~ ...... - ""..'. ....... . .,.... ,--...._ ~-r~~~~-·~------------------------------------------------------------------ Scenarios: Sh(·lf J.ifc ~~----A----------------------------------------· );tfcty/Trainillg of Ust:r > ......... ----4\--~~-- ~· ndivi,l•J<JI vs. r. Group 3~- ~-'----·"l":" ..· -- r. ... :l : r. v i r c:.o ru, •• · r. r ;, I 1Jt: p•hJa?llce )>. • : 'I' :. - , ~ .... - .... - -... -... ··- .. ---··-··--~---- ···--····-----------··------····-- 'IJ·Dlt(. .f!M olge err· enrW?irrc .. - . ... . .. . - - (, ( Attachment B CHOSS-INDEX CATEGORIES AD nun1bc r .Authors Bibliography Biological Central Nervous System. Chemical drugs gases Elecztrical Facilities History Impact PI- number Proposal Psychological Restraining Sensory light odor - pressure ..;hock ----. sound temperature vibration Theo"ry Tittcs Tolerance {Antidote :, .. - (_ •, REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS (Diplomat; Police; Slop and Search) This situation entails on(~ or two individuals inside their car, surrounded and outnumbered by a hostile group, in a potentially unfriendly environment such as a foreign country, riot area or inspection checkpoint. The confined space of the automobile can be an asset and must not become a trap. Pre installed incapacitation equipment can be utilized providing the individuals remain in their own car, otherwise portable equipment would be required. The least amount of force needed, either to calm the hostile group or to make a ,;getaway," would be highly desirable f:rom the standpoint of good will; trying to calm installed incapacitation equipment can be utilized providing the individuals remain in their own car, otherwise portable equipment would be required. The least amount of force needed, either to calm the hostile group or to make a ,;getaway," would be highly desirable f:rom the standpoint of good will; trying to calm the group can be expected to consume more time than getting away by car from a group which is on foot. Safety for innocent bystanders may be of limited concern. * In'capacitators Protection persuasion (loudhailer) bullet proofing lures (hand-outs etc.} ear defenders dyes electric ground stench gas mask :car gas; / goggles aerosols-; stun penetrants independent air supply car-to? S;?Tinkler sealed car :':2:::-e ex;;.inguisher blowr. sane, heat or smoke ------· rnars~;n.u.ilow barrage oe;:-:t..:ncl.ihle booms: with oil, foam, - \>v.1>.i\h~ _ eiH•micals. srncl:e- -.e~~.:iolc rotat1rigsficks- car-top li g~;t lO;.jC s Ot;:r,_d ir.sccts (reteo~sed outside car) slick sro~:t\d s.nr£ace e lee aified cay :): Protection is for the operators; some items listed could also be used by antagonists as countermeasures. ,. Lon«' I nd i vid u:t 1 Pcrh:1ps the n1ost vulncr:1blc situation is that of a single person who lncty h&\Vc nun1crkal uclcllt againHl hirH, with no v'-·hh:lc.! nor <~ny ulli•:r ttCJurcc o{ aid, \vho must protect himself outdoors. His immediate need is: for small, unobtrusive equipment (and possibly protective gear) which he c<1n instc:&ntly utilize and rdy on for complete incapacitation of his·assailant(s). Ii the general environ1nenl is unfriendly, he may need to re-use the equipment- in order to reach safety• ._ Inc r~.naci tater s Protec:tion stench bullet-proof V<'Sl srnoke sere'"~" car defenders cornbined sn1oke and gas _gas mask tear gas ~ogglcs aero--s--o·1 ls; skin irritants inflatable plastic helmet inflatable plastic shield imp<h.:t balls that break: pocket bicycle sn1oke, stench, Mace carts with drugs n•<> r s hn1allow barrage taffy pc lle ts ni~ht stick/baton shock karate/ judo stun gun big net adhesives bolas slic~ foan1 (sprayed or hurled) heat-seeking device to trip, tackle --- -·- JOl<ld SO~I.I.Q . _ _ ______ _ -- .l.S.f:"bt instant ba.rri-:: z r<Ldio-cont~cHc-d' O-<lr.ri·el" -z- '- ( TIH" Sn:\tr.h In this situation the aclvant:\gc is with S{'V(!ral persons who wish to .incapacitatl! ora: or two others, in an outdoor cnvironn1ent such as a war zone. l3ccausc the operation must be swift nnd perhaps surrcpti~ious, it may well be nocturnal. Protection of bystanders or property is probably unnecessary. Incnpacilation techniques n"'lust be fast-acting, may The image displays a typed document with several numbered points. There are no photographs, diagrams, forms, or tables present. Some minor handwritten marks are visible in the upper portion of the page, as well as a number "-2-" at the bottom. No stamps or redactions are apparent. The document is a typed page with various handwritten annotations. There are no photographs, diagrams, or signatures visible. The document appears to be an outline for a program titled "BEHAVIORAL CONTROL SUPPORT," detailing research areas like "Review Literature," "factors which constitute generalized conflict/control situations," and "weapons/devices and strategies." Handwritten marks are present in the margins and between lines, possibly indicating edits or emphasis. There are no stamps, but there is a handwritten notation "Attn: A" in the top right corner. The text includes bulleted and lettered lists, but no tables or structured data. There are no redactions or obscured content. aclvant:\gc is with S{'V(!ral persons who wish to .incapacitatl! ora: or two others, in an outdoor cnvironn1ent such as a war zone. l3ccausc the operation must be swift nnd perhaps surrcpti~ious, it may well be nocturnal. Protection of bystanders or property is probably unnecessary. Incnpacilation techniques n"'lust be fast-acting, may ;-cquirc protection for the operators, and should leave the vic.tim in a subdued but moveable condition. Any devices used should be portable or-- if the location is known beforehand -- deployable. lncapncitn tors Protection instant barrier fence . beekeeper's suits radio-controlled barrier with heat, ·camouflage suits light, ·smoke, stench ear defenders plastic cocoon gas masks taffy pellets goggles nets, snares, adhesives darts with drugs water hose· kara tc/ judo OO),!S night stick/baton dyes (including inirared) chemicals I smoke tear gas Mace aerosols blown sand, dust swarm of insects s Olmd----- _____.-rrgiit - ·- -· ------------------·-···· •. ( Th,· Crowd I3~hilvioral control of ;L l'TOWd is prouilbly the most complex situ:.Llion to be considered. Milny individuall'>, pot<~nliillly hostile as a "mob", must be controlled but not pilrticul:trly hilrmc:d. In ilrldition, J'ringc p:u·tidp:ml.ti ,,nd ildjilcent property should be protected. A primary method of confrol is through dispersal of the c1·owd, whkh n&eans they n1ust retain their mol>ilily to son1c d~grce. TechniGucs o! control which allow gradations of inl<:nsity of action and an expan_ditble tin1e fran1c arc recomn&endcd. Methods of control arc more limited if the crowd is gathered indoors. Devices should oe portable although their deployment beforehand may, in some cases, be possible, and pre-installed devices on official vehicles may be available. Overt techniques have positive and negative aspects: they may intimidate the crowd or they may becorne targets for the crowd's hostility. Selective incapacitation o!· the crowd's leaders is an effective techniGue. The operators m this situation oitcn consist of a large, trained group such as the police; in any case, sc:.ie:y oi the operators may depend on their protective gear. Inc a 'Oilci t a tors lures (spectacle elsewhere etc.) marshmallow barrage run1or control/ oratory nets/ snares loudhailer (persuasion - drowning barr'icades noise - synchronized sound) dogs/horses synchronized strobe + sound, pulses insects l"Ooot rovers that emit flashes, heat, chemicals, sn"'loke, stench, or 41t~~dQst Protection c_x~cndable b ....... ,,~~s that emit same h r.:••t. beekeeper • s helmet ioam; io·am grenades t::ar defenders bubbles · earphones slick surface /oil gas masks stench goggles dye rubber· boots smoke chemicals: ~car gas, The document is a typed page with a few handwritten annotations. It appears to be page 1 of a literature review report. There are no photographs, diagrams, tables, forms with filled-in fields, or visual evidence of experimental procedures. There are no visible official stamps or redactions on this page. The handwritten marks are minimal and appear to be corrections or additions to the text. sound, pulses insects l"Ooot rovers that emit flashes, heat, chemicals, sn"'loke, stench, or 41t~~dQst Protection c_x~cndable b ....... ,,~~s that emit same h r.:••t. beekeeper • s helmet ioam; io·am grenades t::ar defenders bubbles · earphones slick surface /oil gas masks stench goggles dye rubber· boots smoke chemicals: ~car gas, Mace ~ balls that brea:.k., cmit"1inJJ, cne'mi:c~l ac rosols c.irug darts for ::.-i::-..~ lea.xh:·. . x·s car-top sprinkli•:!r night stick.s/b~llo.'lll..s -4- • - .. ( ( Pursuit This situation n1ay follow that oi the "Surrounded Auto1nobilc :11 one or two persons in a car ar'1 lH'ling pursu,"!cl by t'he O\:\:upanta of another car, in what must be considered an unfriendly environment. The ~c.Jvanlagcs to be exploited arc: n1ancuvcrability of the vehicle (to utiliz.c wind direction, for cxan1plc); pre-installation of devices; protection afforded by the car's own shielding. I:>evices should be covert when not in usc, quick acting because the pursuers n1ay have }ethal weapons, and capable of stopping tne chase. This, may be accomplished by: incapacitating the following driver, immobilizing the pursuit car, obscuring its path, barring its path, or disguising the operators' car or occupants. Re-use of the chosen techniques may be required if more than one vehicle joints the pu-rsuit. Incanac i tater s Protec:tion license-plate change bullet proofing external change in car's color, etc. goggles pop-up people in lead car smoke screen blown sand paint on windshield foam (on road or windshield) oil slick light beam (nighttime) instant barrier wire across road, about 481 high ' ·extendable boom (if close be hid) pop-up deterrent shapes tetrahedrons nails strewn on road J:•)lling shapes strewn on road rolling barrier. attached by wires to lead car explosion under car gas grenade -s- • . .. ( ( A preventive ;md ckfcnsive situation occurs when the locale of a person (public spcak~r) or a piece of prop,~rty (~tore subject to looting) must be protected. AtttH!.il:lnt.s can nppro"'~h from .;ny dir<:ct.ion but. tlH· prc.t.,•ct,•d object rcn1ains stationary. One or more ''bodyguards" provide the ciefer.se a~C~.inst. one or n1orc C~.ssailants. A rcasonC~.bly friendly cnvironrr.cnt. can be supposed, which limits the useable techniques to those which will not seriously af.fect bystanders (nor the operators, the protected individual or the property). The devices should be aimed directly at the offenders only,_ and should reliably incapacitate them. The degree of incapacitation can depend on the severity o£ the attackers 1 intended crime. In all cases it The page contains typed text presenting a list of conclusions. There are no photographs, stamps, forms, diagrams, tables, or visual evidence of experimental procedures. The text is the sole visual content, detailing findings related to literature searches on incapacitation methods. There are no handwritten annotations, signatures, or redactions visible on the page. those which will not seriously af.fect bystanders (nor the operators, the protected individual or the property). The devices should be aimed directly at the offenders only,_ and should reliably incapacitate them. The degree of incapacitation can depend on the severity o£ the attackers 1 intended crime. In all cases it seems desirable that the devices be quick-acting, portable and covert, so that they can be used in a variety o£ ''stay-put" circumstances. Inc:\pacitators Protection rhetoric instant plastic shield electrical shield light beam tafiy pellets hurled !oan>, smoke Mace dart with drug jet-propelled medicine ball bola karate/ judo night stick/baton stun gun balance disruption -6- ------------------------- ·wi·i~'iiiflt"'l'tl-·•m•t~~miitiltili-zitirrlieiiilli.' iifi?iittl-·- lltllt•·t liiitiifillliliMitllldiF••••••••~~t~niriillltlillt..-r··~••••••••••••ll . - ( ( . . , 5. Conduct feasibility studies of promising