Doc 0000144924

-----------------------·-------------~----------------·---- ) _./ ... . . s ~ ~~ '·~·'/3 . ..."M4. .. ,_ _ " ' ~ Office Memora'izdtt/J7Z •· .uNrTnn sTATEs GOV:ERNMENT :. ) •.TO :·~~·-j- llt!iR DATB: 21 February "19.51 Through:-~'~ -· ..J'~~ 1 • . FI.OM ~ • - . po: · -- · ~ ; ~ , -h ~ ' i - S '- : ' ~ - SUBJECT: ilJT'OSpra.y, a~ule.s, etc. (Blueb~) ~ neference is !!'.&de to our recent con. .." Crsations regard:ing the hypospra:r inSti"J..""\c-!nts arLd various types of ~ules that can be r.!ade for u::e :in t.'!e instl"'Uii1ont. '1hc "B" tca.-:1 has ziven cor.sid.erabie thour:!.1t to the nossiblc uses of trfiOSpray and ~1 conc~r:~ed aro a3:reed that this instrJ.ment tor variations thereof) >;:"Juld be of e:A-t.re::e vclue in ce1·tain operations. There are, ho;;evcr, na."ly questions that Ztrise and require an;:s...-.ors in this connection. ~~e r:ost ob\-ious cu·c set out belo-;t: ·Ij . 1. The rcQ.lhr cor.:"!.crcial ?f?OS:??.. .. \Y_ Q.ischar~es 2. lee ~-"?ule. Is ' ! this tho only size hyz,osprny !r.adc or developed coi:i:l~rcial!j• or i cx:Jerir..~ntally? J.. .)cc or even a 2cc, if -.-:orl'".ablo and cl:Ll'lically I. soU.11d, ;.vuJ.d, i? is belidved, be of gr~a ter use to us tha."1 c>. lee l instr1l."":e:nt. Full details are n~eded i.."lcludi.nz all bom1 tests. i I 2e Ver-3 little is kr:.o-;::1 about .the Va!'j.ous ~rpes or a":1pules US!;d in or ma ~e £or tr.e l'.j"'Josnray ( co=erciaJ. or e.:r.ne~entcl.). ;;~ ,·.:ould .. ll.Jke ~ . . .. . .. . , O • O . I .. K , . · l .n =_=,..,:: .• a • r a • _i1 ... a - bl e : · u ll r O - r:':l! , ~ . ,t. J . .on : •. ; n -. · . h ·· i - - ~ = -·o·:~o·n". •',.•. . · .. . ; · , - .. · , · ., · • :J• .\lso in com:~ction -.n.th (2) abo·.. .. e, -::e ..-;ou'ld like tO J.::r.ow -;;hOlt concentrations of liquids c:. .~ d solids, · t~'?es of liquids c>.!'ld solids 1,- haYe been tested in tqe hypos~ray ~.nd \·rith -;-;hat results. ' i I 7:'e ..-,oou.1d like t, }:no~·; ii' t.'le s~ndard lee hypospray is ::!ace or ', ( . .. has been ::.ade in a.l'l"j ot!'ler i'or::1, shape, . size, or r.ei~ht. The i sta."ldard h;:;ospray is quite hc:.·.y and P.. The image displays the title "THE BLACK VAULT" in a stylized font, accompanied by a graphic of a bank vault door on the left. The text below the title explains that the document was obtained from The Black Vault, an online database of declassified government documents, specifically from the MKULTRA/Mind Control Collection. It details that this collection comprises over 20,000 declassified CIA pages and provides a URL for downloading the entire collection. The visual elements are purely graphic and textual, serving to introduce the source and nature of the document without any photographic or handwritten content. been tested in tqe hypos~ray ~.nd \·rith -;-;hat results. ' i I 7:'e ..-,oou.1d like t, }:no~·; ii' t.'le s~ndard lee hypospray is ::!ace or ', ( . .. has been ::.ade in a.l'l"j ot!'ler i'or::1, shape, . size, or r.ei~ht. The i sta."ldard h;:;ospray is quite hc:.·.y and P.. lif]lter, t:ore ~asi!.y i' carried r.:oclel muld be of e;reat help. Also, has an i."lstr..:=::mt I been bull t hav:iJlg a· d~uble b~rrel rmd capable or iirins ~:."0 :mpules sir.:ul tconeousl~"? ..· . s. ~~ The hy}"'Spr@.y ...-:<lS invented or dcveloncd by Jru::es !~. rcKibbin I ; t. o n t h of . ! ~ : i c : ! : : : i ~ : r : b o in £ a t. . " "l l d e : R t. . P r. . S ::,C ch hc e .r r < e ;; r r c C : O . . .. r _- e :." .i1.. h ·._ i g o h f l y ~e ·( r , e r ~ , . :, r { : t : , l e • d . ic a h n i d :c >n;:" I r rcpu ta;lo i>1'i.i vi::uals accordi."'lC to I!:SS con!'idcntial Wor::a tion. l -::., ·.:oulrl li~:u tr.> illo'\7', ii' possible, .-.hat e;c:;crir.~ental. ..,;ork these ,r- on individt~als (or tbe R. P. Scherer Corp. ):have· done ~he h:::o.,.,. I ' suray or s5.!"':i.lnr instrt:::~nts ~d the c-..::oules that th-:'·· !::c.r•~ -..~.:-;.j. a.::d tested. ~::e ~u..1d like to bo~·; ii. tho R. P. r .. :;il~r·-..: .,;.,rp. is 1,.- . 3till .:.::.,Hn .. ::.::·.~·!U."\.es for the h;r:;o.:>prCly, eJ. th.>u~}~ -Ulc ri:.fJ.ts tn the ir~st:~cnt •. :_-...., ~:>~=-=-~:"'":.~ :." ~!·~:.., ... olri t.o ;;.he E. R. Squi~b . I ~ Co~any' nrool:lj"!i_, !:c;: !.or~:. , .. - (~ · ..... ) ..f ~ I I j) I. l.i,_..:;,, .-.... \ ' -2- are 6. Since all rights to the hypos?ray no>r o;.ncd by tho E. R. S;uibb Comp.m'J, Broo!dyn:, lier.r York, Tie muld l~ke to. kno\1 if i '. Squibb is r..a..'luf'acturi.'lg the hy~spray no"'"i; r.hat, ii" a:ny testi!'lg I or ne>r developments they have made on the hypo~ray; a.ro they .making their o;m a.o::pules and i!' so iiha.t sizes, t"JPes, solutions, contents they are usin;:. We should also like to kl'l0\1' how ~e ca.'"l J:l&ke i.rnr.tedia.t.e purchase or hypospray instrw:cnts and a!.!pules The document is a typed memo on plain white paper. It is a single page with several small, dark, rectangular stamps or smudges near the bottom, their content is illegible. There is a handwritten notation at the top right of the page: "43 S". The text of the memo is the primary visual content, with some slight page yellowing and scattered pinpricks, suggesting age. There are no photographs, diagrams, or any visual evidence of experimental procedures. hy~spray no"'"i; r.hat, ii" a:ny testi!'lg I or ne>r developments they have made on the hypo~ray; a.ro they .making their o;m a.o::pules and i!' so iiha.t sizes, t"JPes, solutions, contents they are usin;:. We should also like to kl'l0\1' how ~e ca.'"l J:l&ke i.rnr.tedia.t.e purchase or hypospray instrw:cnts and a!.!pules • (see .!ollo;"tinfi). . · · · · 7. f:'e r.Juld also like to ~:r:-ow tho na.-::os or in1ividu;.is (eoctv:-s_, technicians, e:~er:i:cntors) •~ho have" ;·,-or!:ed on or used the ·h:tPOS:>ra.:r end r.hat tests (and results) have b&en :.:ado by tbese persons. Furt..'ler, i! rmy institutions, hospitals, clinics, etc., have ~tie C)..-te:tsi·;c use o! the instrt.tii!cnt \".-e should like to kno;-: their ::a.-::es. Based on 11B11 eA."Per!.ence ll.'ld research to date, this office -.:ould li!-:e t;., sect~re il!'.u::cdiately via C.ircct !_;urchase or l"lj'" · contrac t arrarlt:;encn ~... six (o') o! the stm"i~lcrd ccrr.:ct•cial HTiOSf?_:_y instruments. In addition, ar!"C!..'"l~c~ent.s should bo r::!aue tor the r.1a..'lu.fact•.1rc and purch"se or tho follo;dng a":lfluJ..es for t:te above i!1Stnl.J~£:llt: It is 'tielicyed that· the Squibb Co~a."!"J -.:ould be the· OI"~Y prosunt source o£ 1":.:'/"t·OSl,,r::lJ" insi.;x:-u.-r:.ents,- ho..-:e·ier, a:."?'.'.l~s can probably be !)~rchased fl"'a 1:.oth Sq.uibb r~!'ld n. P. Schere1~ Cor:?•, :-.t Det.".''it, !:ichir;::..n. In· the ovent·, it is !elt that t~!cse ite:::s T.-ould be difficult or slo-;r to oC.t2.in throu!:h nor:nal Agency ch~::~els, th;.s o!!ice believes thn"l:. they could b, ; urch:lsod ~:!>IISSI!:dr~~ directly. · ! . .. : . t::=:=.,..~.,.,_. ·{ - ;,... ~- --- w. ~'1-.- .................. . _D· I s ! I . j I I ! I l Subject: HYPOSPRA Y j ! Additional in!ormation concerning the use of the hypospray I. instrument is requested as follo\Vs: 1. The hypospray instrument, as presently designed, dis charges a lee ampule. Has any experimentation b·een carried out or has an instrument been developed which would permit the use of a 2cc ampule or even a 3cc ampule? 2. The present hypospray instrument is quite heavy in weight. Have other models been deve~ped using lighter metals which permit an easier handling and carrying or the uistrument? Also has an instrwncnt been developed utilizing a double barrel and capable or firing t·.vo ampules simultaneously? 3. Are there available any reports on the use o£ the hypo spray with results o! research op the cf!e:cts o! various drugs and serums utilized in the hypos pray? .Any informaiion on the above would. be appreciated. . .~· ..- . The page contains typed text and handwritten annotations in the margin. There are no photographs, diagrams, or forms. A handwritten number "4/S" is visible in the upper right corner of the page, and a circled "X" is present in the lower right. There are also black ink smudges resembling drawings on the page, particularly in the lower half. The text refers to an instrument called "hypospray" and discusses its purchase and the ampules used with it. barrel and capable or firing t·.vo ampules simultaneously? 3. Are there available any reports on the use o£ the hypo spray with results o! research op the cf!e:cts o! various drugs and serums utilized in the hypos pray? .Any informaiion on the above would. be appreciated. . .~· ..- . •' . I I i I • I I I Subject: Hypospray !I • , Request that arrangements _be made for procurement of the following supi>lY o£ ampules for use in a. hypospra.y instrument: 300 ampules sodium amytal {one grain each) 100 ampules ca!!einc sodium-benzoate {two grains each) . 100 ampules caffeine sodium (seven and.one-hal! grains each). . : ! . ;.: : . .. .- ~ . i' . . ~·. •· I .. I Ii. . ! ..• I !I· . ,I . l . { .. .... r.• ... e\·~ ) I . l I .. -·. . ' .. ..-:-:r-- "·--'. ~ ... } -. •. . . ..... I I . ; ' ., . .; . ._ . . · · . . . . \ .. . , ~ '.. \ . . . \ - . .· . . . . . . . . . · : . , . . ~ . ~ . ~ ., _ . . .. . : . : ·- . ·: ' . . .~.. . ~ .. , .. . .. . .-. . . . . . .. . .. . . . "'' \ \ Anny Perfecting 'Gun'· · .~-· .ret sniec:t!ons h:u·e .bcerr In ·uu:-buc:-:_--:-:·1 I i For Poin!ess Inocu!aHons on a "U1 llmltcd sc:a!e, for s=m• rears. • ~ '.1 I · The Annr's apparatus fs a. creat l:n• 1! provement o\·er any used 1ft the put. ·Ad,·antcscs of New Method DlscO'te:r ot the ~r.ethc;d !.s belle'ted to · O . b viou . s . i n - · Wartime . · h m a o Y b e U e c om ou e · t b t· e om !n r ob t s o c r r c v e a d t lo t ~ h s r cn o : r ; h a u t t !- o .o · j l akin or cecbmlc.s. tt a!so ,.as noted 87 'rio:na.s R. Hcn,Y ~ tN.t 1'1.ne Jels ot o!l at hl;h \"elocit7, The document contains typed text and handwritten annotations. The text is a memo requesting information about the "HYPOSPRAY" instrument, including technical specifications and research findings. There are no photographs, diagrams, tables, or redacted content visible. Handwritten marks include a circled "43", a symbol that resembles an "S", and a mark that looks like "11," suggesting some form of internal review or annotation. The overall appearance is that of a standard office document with administrative markings. The document page contains typed text and a handwritten annotation. The typed text is a request for the procurement of ampules of sodium amytal and caffeine sodium for use in a hypospray instrument. The handwritten annotation in the upper right appears to be "43 S" or similar. There are no photographs, diagrams, forms, or tables present on the page. There is a blurred, dark mark in the upper portion of the page which is unreadable. r r c v e a d t lo t ~ h s r cn o : r ; h a u t t !- o .o · j l akin or cecbmlc.s. tt a!so ,.as noted 87 'rio:na.s R. Hcn,Y ~ tN.t 1'1.ne Jels ot o!l at hl;h \"elocit7, A ..,hot. . run bJ' 1rhtcb lar;e ;rcrJ~e as trom a :.:altlnr hrdr:tll!lc nne, could of Pto~!e>:an 1:3 1r.CCl.l~~~c! :t•.o•e:•!;- ~~d penetrate humln. a:.tn :u:d !c:tu lftUo -- ~alnla.siy Is tflnJ pertccttd at the. J.::n:r or r.o r.u.rk. , . , .~!'ecfcal Eer.::'! Gm~:!tte S:l".::cl l:c:-e. The er-:::n:.tu~. 1~ J.t rmi)hUi,cti, 1UI1 .• ·i cr B : : : ; n o m l" ~ ; . ) t h n i: s a e :c ! - e J a t · h T o : t t n : : : l a !: l c r s : . . st : n! t ! l: l e .! ~ u !! ! - A :s i·. I n s o t 1 :1 b e t t u .e s ed c :r ~ , o .e r r i s : ; n = e e r. . l , a U l :r ! . : e a . .;e and • " . 'iil .. ; 1.. U:lder h!dt ,prenure. .. It.s a~n:t~;;;s would be cb\i:::t:-1 ~th . A new anti~lotlc aeilre ;;a!r.~ I i ll t l. .T m ~ t. h .'l t :-e a l t : e o l ! l tC b tf ! . O S! ! . O 'Ir i . i Y C a t l o ~a !n . c : c b : r u e l at " e ' h & l . ! "'1 l ·· 7 l 1 r 3 n 0 D e c b l : l te l! o fn n d h il a u s t lc b n r s r n I S re r p :e or a t< t ! U d t 1 o )1 1e t l % ':a n ' I i _ enUre ~,..:l:tt!on. lt 1t!so, A~7 C:cctor.s i • Amenc•n Association !or ti~e Adr:tnce· · i b~!l!re, 'll:c:.~!d .se:Te ,.,·ell fl: the cz !e ot ment of Sc:!cr.ce. · · · · I · treoops The document is a declassified CIA report, likely from the MKUltra collection, featuring a vintage newspaper clipping. The clipping discusses "Army Perfecting 'Gun' For Painless Inoculations" and a "New Amoebie Antibiotic" called fumagillin. The page displays a single handwritten annotation in the top right corner, reading "43 S". There are no photographs, diagrams, forms, stamps, or tables visible on the page. The content is entirely text-based, presented as columns of printed newspaper text. U d t 1 o )1 1e t l % ':a n ' I i _ enUre ~,..:l:tt!on. lt 1t!so, A~7 C:cctor.s i • Amenc•n Association !or ti~e Adr:tnce· · i b~!l!re, 'll:c:.~!d .se:Te ,.,·ell fl: the cz !e ot ment of Sc:!cr.ce. · · · · I · treoops o:~t::-tcl s:oC::!eni7 c-;c:-se~s. . · i It Ja e~:~rac:tcd t'r:>:n a species o! mo:.:ld, sar W .; H t n o a ! il l l : r ~ P n o d d e . m s: : t i r e l! ! r : . e e ed :t l ! c t e f r t ! t: s t c n :h c c i e c ! · ' • : l ~ ! e k r e i b J e : d t~ !. b : y !l ll D n. r . - n ~ : ~ . a : x r. c ew : l s : u e ! c : o ~ v ~a .- n r t : e t . r c . ! n e ~ - .. Ject!o::t, a •tl:::.t-cor.!1.1m1r.; proce~: u~. · 1 ! · his u,sc;;iAtes of the Lilly :t;:surcn . of the needle ;\)W&J:i l.s r.orr.e-:;-ha t :;:~:tin­ .' ' L&boralories u Indl;~napo!!s, ~oppu~a to tul c:cf :any persor..! ha-re :l rre:tt : be t!ie most potent a ;c:nt ret !o~.:o'ld psr.:hc.~;!t?.l d:-e:~d or :t. I araJnst the mlc:oscop!c ~:1!.-n~!s re Th~ r.!-:: :n:::1oc1 rttt..:!:cs ::o t:tee:e. . s;:o:u:b!e :or . amotblc ci:;·~c:.t~. :.r.c1 It U :.~1e!~~t'!:: J:&i!llc-ss.. T1~e a:.r.!at!cn .. · · manT other mal~d!es. · · u· r.o ci::e:tnt !:-co:n that c:.:::cd by ::. \ ~ • ~cw An~oc:b!c ·Anl!!:.iotle, 'J'O.~r s;:-a}' unC:er hflh :m:u:.are. 'I'he J!ev; ~nti'!:!otiC, C:l!!Cd !:.o:na;ill!n, ~rethcd .·\Tcic!s InttctioD. !~!"ms t., tc s::tc!.r.c a;"l!r..!~ :.;n~~·~· O!l':er !.--:;:c:-~:-.nt ad't::n!a:!s pe!:~!cd ' 7:!-!~s !:~:...: th:l~ !t ~~~-=~·c.ut~Y !:~s I.:.tt,' c~t i:i: · . c..!ect a;a.insc c!~f:r :=:!c:c·te:ean!!:!s ',".'i:h. J\y~e::'mie r.c:edles U·.t:e 1J suc:h as bac:ttliP., !unil or 'l".ru!es.• . It .some ~":::er ot t!P~~m!tt!nr !n!cet!~n. Is the nnt so:b:t~anc:e yet !r...:r:d 1.-n;cn \.. suc!"t as $~-;"ltill.s, rr.l".la-rla or ye!lo"r S'!£JnS to tc sr-tcl~c ao;a!ns~ :r:oo.:ba.e. J:~.:;r.c!c~. Thl.s l.s u;:ci:!;~ny tr.:c 'll"h:n E'l"en !n er:::!e ~orm I~ b e:!~cti;·e. In :. h u t r r! : - e :; '. nu:nbe~·s r.t'.l.st l:e tn~tcd !n. n : nnt so:b:t~anc:e yet !r...:r:d 1.-n;cn \.. suc!"t as $~-;"ltill.s, rr.l".la-rla or ye!lo"r S'!£JnS to tc sr-tcl~c ao;a!ns~ :r:oo.:ba.e. J:~.:;r.c!c~. Thl.s l.s u;:ci:!;~ny tr.:c 'll"h:n E'l"en !n er:::!e ~orm I~ b e:!~cti;·e. In :. h u t r r! : - e :; '. nu:nbe~·s r.t'.l.st l:e tn~tcd !n. n : i l t : ! : o . r ~ . . s J .- u a ~or h r !z te h ; it u S \ c \· n !t e :1 I" : l - '- n r _ t ! :: t ~ o :l :s ! . 6 I m n : . l ~ : ; . ! a ~ n · . s ~ ! ! t X e : ~ S i n e n l i . r r : i . Z c e t r e r x . . t : ! c l t l e l ) p " . n A r o . , : r - e I s l t . . ! n y s : ! - : t . n ! ~ e ! o ~ c n e ~ e i p d e t . ' : i : s : .c c t c n l : ! ' ' : ! r r C ~ a .e t c U ! t c l 3 ! c n t : s . : r . e y l c i i o . ! y : , ' ! 0 : n ! ' : ~ : : o o s 1 . i : ~ : 1 M b 1 i · e T t i s C th h . o e w e : I c p c : t r n p : n e w r c a l a ! r m p . s d a t n l f h t o a t ! u - l s : n ~ d t t : s n . t : n c t : o : o e o : d . ~ e ~ : o c 3 t : o t : : : e : - c s s t l , ! l : '1 : 1 s ': 1 t 1 n . t : n c t : o : o e o : d . ~ e ~ : o c 3 t : o t : : : e : - c s s t l , ! l : '1 : 1 s ': 1 t 1 ~ h .1 : ~ t 1 c o t o r: : D t ' t - h c b r : a • l . I l ; I ; . J! the n~c~!e !s A Job !':1:- & C:o~tor cr · i animals could l::e complete!$" cu.rc:d ~Y I n : : . o 1 :o r t . : ! ~. : : s : > f : d b t , ~ _ t n l C ~ ! c l : b ! h : i 1 n n ! • c ~ · · ! . r. : n eh . U T l h • i : s !7 - i : c ~ o :- u ;e ! : d :: c b 7 e a \ . · : ! r . y :t. · j : ! ! i f , t - . ! l e l f e s ! c s d z t n h I ~ : r ! l c n ~ ~ e 1 o 0 a p d l 0 m c i - n m i. U o ~ r t ll c : : : r ~ r & n ec ! m f ! s m o \ ~ · i e e n : r tw ! lt o o ! u ! . r ~ , ~ !! y d " s . ~ . C 1 I ! , .-.. · i I•r : · \V~en ~:c:c!;:eed !n (iUant!Uu, Je~·ln· ot body v.-eicoht 'W":lS ad:nin~~ned. Qutts l. . ~c:tlon a:::;::-~t~.s ~·!11 be re1:.~ln;y ~!l· •lmltar results ~~~ve l:c:tn· bro•.t:n! al:out i·· l. x; T : " : ~ : e ~ r h e · e i . s ~ee~s!on:-.1 1'a!l:.re ot the jtt '61 T th e s ) t " s 'U n \n ;r th u u !m . m:ms. v:h:!re • a;.::c~ • o 1a I i , ~ • : : - ' u t " ! c ~ e e i . s ~ee~s!on:-.1 1'a!l:.re ot the jtt '61 T th e s ) t " s 'U n \n ;r th u u !m . m:ms. v:h:!re • a;.::c~ • o 1a I i , ~ • : : - ' u t " ! c ~ e ~ u ~ r ! ; a . - : ! " - - : · ! - ; ~ r t c .4 t .. ~ : 1 : ! 1 c : e c : t n u ~; h · : o ! ! ~ i n e l t o l l f : o ~ ~ t p cr , Y . . . ~ m : o tt n h . s e r. t " : : ~ : 1 . :t i i i ) ; t l h k ~ ; : • d t J o : f e ! c r a i b : . e n se e s n n ! r s l y l! ~ \ h s \ e '! r t ! e h '!I s U S r , A l y n J : l ~ e m · n a : t \ i r l t . s r . y t u a rt r ~ h e . c :: :r t m l ~ : u ~ e ! l : ~ 7 - s . j I ·: :. ;.e. ~,~,;:-ate·: to n%'7 the prc:~:.~r'! '-C· : cau3ed by thc:.e ort:tn.!sms are 1• .:,,1 :•!li:; to t!:e !::~!~·lt!u3.l !s tel::i .-ot·:~td to be extremely aet·io:.:s and ~t;t~et!:r.~J tend to r.:n ln tJ:!c!~tr:!cs. .'I'I:e b:oeten T!'l~ r.:et!':.-:d !s ...-errth!'!U !Jr anr c;.;t e!r:-.,i~t.s ,r:n: ;'hl\~:.-e t:~:at t!;elr rc~ort.. Ia -~ ! :l.:e~::":~ :;~,:~:- !:;r ::~'n. It. c:;'l"\:o:t;t ,~·!:fl!!·. .·:_::-;·.';:i~.;·:: •• ~: .. ;t . t:~~r ~:: ~=> I t:ll!cC t\.·: !::!ec·!vr.1 !r.~o t~ ~ ... : .. • ·! ~.: ... .;.,1 ~-:.. ........... ~ ~~.. ·"'" •-···. .. , .....n ..... ..:.d !·. hne t':ctri:r.rnt:~l ef!cets G:l hu~:uu. Tl-~Y hi.\'C .f.~::;"!'-~tr;,:ed tl:;:t It hU · · r.o t:r.cet ern tr:.::~•:uJa Jn :r:!ee. ···-· t':ctri:r.rnt:~l ef!cets G:l hu~:uu. Tl-~Y hi.\'C .f.~::;"!'-~tr;,:ed tl:;:t It hU · · r.o t:r.cet ern tr:.::~•:uJa Jn :r:!ee. ···-·