Cointelpro Black Extremist Part 10

The document page contains several visual elements related to FBI operations. A large portion of the top of the page is obscured by a black redaction, suggesting sensitive information. Below this, text indicates a notice that certain activities should not jeopardize the security of informants. There are handwritten notations, including what appears to be an "END" marker and a cryptic message ".WA ACK A PLS VXC FBI WASH DC". Another redaction is present towards the bottom of the page, covering what might be further operational details. Finally, a handwritten "87" is visible in the bottom right corner, potentially a page number or internal identifier. [REDACTED] NOT FELT EITHER ABOVE ACTIVITIES IN ANY WAY JEOPARDIZE SECURITY OF INFORMANTS. [REDACTED] END .WA ACK A PLS VXC FBI WASH DC ٠٤٠٠ CCMR. TRAINOR ROOM 836 9&D 87 SAC, Atlanta (100-7128) Director FBI (100-448006)61 REC-127 COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROGRAM BLACK NATIONALIST - HATE GROUPS RACIAL INTELLIGENCE (STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE) 2-17-69 1 - Mr G C Moore 1 1 1 - - - Reurlet 1-22-69. Authority is denied to mail anonymous letter in view of the fact the Bureau is of the opinion the letter will not have sufficient impact upon captioned organization. You are requested to remain alert for any information indicating that [REDACTED] receives the grant of money from the National Episcopal Church. In the event [REDACTED] does receive this money, you should immediately submit your recommendations, under captioned program, to expose the recipients of the grant and/or to deprive extremists of the use of the money. Take no action without Bureau authority. 1 - New York (100-16140) WDN:sc (8) NOTE: The Atlanta Office of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is in financially poor condition. SNCC operations in Atlanta are under the MAILED 9 FEB 17 1969 FBI olson HeLoach ohr Bishop Casper Callahan Conrad elt Cole cren .ullivan Favel frotter 'ele. Room a lenghthy letter setting forth the financial need of organization which he called Afro-American Society of Greater Atlanta (ASGA). ASGA is actually a cover name for the Atlanta SNCC organization. [REDACTED] sent the National Episcopal Church (NEC) in New York City the above letter requesting a grant of $30,000. It has been reported that NEC favorably considered this request and sometime in January, 1969, made a $34,000 grant to ASGA. The Atlanta Division advises that the grant is known to only a limited number of SNCC associates in Atlanta and that Intended use of this money is not known 8 FEB 18 1969. LET THE UNIT [ILLEGIBLE] 149 NOTE CONTINUED PAGE TWO Letter to SAC, Atlanta RE: COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROGRAM 100-448006 NOTE CONTINUED: [REDACTED] are currently residing in an apartment in Atlanta, Georgia, which is actually the apartment of Atlanta suggests sending the following letter to Jenkins at this apartment which would read as follows: [REDACTED] What is going on with the money from New York for the new organi- zation? Sure would like to get in and help spend some of that cash. Keep me in mind boy. [REDACTED] Atlanta is of the opinion The page is an official FBI document with numerous handwritten annotations and stamps, indicating internal communication and routing. Two prominent stamps, "ROUTE" and "SPECIAL FILE," are at the top, suggesting an official classification. There are multiple redactive black marker lines obscuring portions of the text, likely sensitive information. Handwritten notes appear throughout, including a date stamp "2-17-69," a name "Mr. G C. Moore," and various check marks and signatures near the bottom. A "MAILED 9 FEB 17 1969" stamp suggests a mailing date and origin. The layout includes typed text characteristic of an official report, interspersed with handwritten additions and redactions. to Jenkins at this apartment which would read as follows: [REDACTED] What is going on with the money from New York for the new organi- zation? Sure would like to get in and help spend some of that cash. Keep me in mind boy. [REDACTED] Atlanta is of the opinion that [REDACTED] would open this letter and use the information contained therein to force [REDACTED] to assist them in regaining admittance in SNCC ranks and/or discrediting [REDACTED] Authority is not being granted for this counterintelligence action in view of the fact it would have little, if any, impact on SNCC. Atlanta is being instructed to make recommendations to expose the grant in the event it is actually made. -2- 150 --- OCR Start --- i : : ΜΑΤ 102 ΕDITION GSA FPMR (CFR) 101-11.4 ( UNITED STATHAGORNMENT Memorandum TO : DIRECTOR, FBI (100-448006) FROMAC, TAMPA (157-3213) (P) SUBJECT: COUNTER INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM - BLACK NATIONALIST RACIAL INTELLIGENCE HATE GROUPS ReTPlet, 1/21/69. DATE: 1/23/69 Bepbel WFLA-TV, Tampa, Fla., advised that the program has been rescheduled for 7:00 p.m., Sunday, 2/9/69. The pro- Wild Grapes gram had been scheduled for 9:30 p.m., 26/69, but the adver- tising department pointed out that scheduling the program for 9:30 p.m. on Thursday would conflict with the "Dragnet" program which has a high rating in the Tampa area. with "Wird Grapes are pleased with the rescheduling to 7:00 p.m. advised that the personnel associated on Sunday evening as it is felt that the new day and time will afford greater viewing coverage. 2 2 - - Bureau (RM) Tampa JEH:cj 1. REC 43 25 JAN1 1069 54JA1 1963 BACIA SECT. Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan 1 --- OCR End --- **OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10** **MAY 1942 EDITION** **GSA FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11** **UNITED STATES** VERNMENT **Memorandum** **TO** DIRECTOR, FBI (100-448006) **DATE:** 1/22/69 **FROM** SAC, MIAMI (157-2414) (P) **SUBJECT:** COUNTER INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM BLACK NATIONALIST - HATE GROUPS RACIAL INTELLIGENCE (NATION OF ISLAM) As the Bureau is aware, in the last two years Miami television station WCKT, [REDACTED] has produced three special documentary films with the cooperation of the Miami Office of the FBI, under our various counterintelligence programs. These three films. dealt with the Ku Klux Klan, the National States Rights Party and more recently the "New Left." These efforts on the part of WCKT were well received in the community and have with the cooperation of the Miami Office of the FBI, under our various counterintelligence programs. These three films. dealt with the Ku Klux Klan, the National States Rights Party and more recently the "New Left." These efforts on the part of WCKT were well received in the community and have been most instrumental in keeping the activities of these groups constantly before the public and has gone a long way in diminishing their effectiveness in the South Florida area. These three documentaries were produced by Channel 7 with the approved counterintelligence assistance of the Miami Division and these are considered to be most outstanding counterintelligence accomplishments. Miami, [REDACTED] has expressed an interest and made inquiries relative WCKT, to the possibility of doing a similar documentary involving the activities of the Nation of Islam (NOI) in the South Florida area. The Miami Office feels that this offers an excellent opportunity for the production of a film similar to those previously produced and most certainly could go a long way in bringing the activities of the NOI to the attention of the general public and in that manner drastically curtail their activities, particularly in Dade County. K00-2 [ILLEGIBLE] 88 As the Bureau is aware, there is a wealth of public- type information that could be made available as investigative leads, etc., to assist Channel 7 in the production of such a documentary. Over the years, the Bureau has brought to the attention of the field various public publications and other material which would be of great assistance in such an under- taking. [DRAWING OF FIGURE] 2 - Bureau (RM) 1 - Miami HAN:jth (3) 11 JAN 24 1969 Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan. RACIAL INT-SECT. [HANDWRITTEN NOTES] WAN mei/2/5/60 8010-108-01 [HANDWRITTEN NOTES] 152 MM 157-2414 Locally in the Miami area, there are certain aspects of the operation of the local Mosque (Mosque #29) which would be of interest and lend itself to such an undertaking. These avenues of possible inquiry involve the fact that the Mosque here in Miami has purchased a sizable former church for approximately $160,000, which makes quite an impressive edifice. This, of course, would lend itself to a documentary-type program. Additionally, CASSIUS CLAY (MOHAMMAD ALI) allegedly contributed substantial sums of money to the NOI in Dade County, which likewise would be of considerable public interest. Recently, information has been developed in connection with This document is a typed letter with significant redactions of text. There are no photographs, forms, or official stamps visible. Handwritten annotations are present, including a page number "-2-" at the bottom and a number "150" in the bottom right corner. There are also some small circular shapes in the upper portion of the page, which may be ink blots or intentional markings. The redactions are the most prominent visual feature, obscuring crucial information within the body of the letter, indicating a document where sensitive details have been removed. $160,000, which makes quite an impressive edifice. This, of course, would lend itself to a documentary-type program. Additionally, CASSIUS CLAY (MOHAMMAD ALI) allegedly contributed substantial sums of money to the NOI in Dade County, which likewise would be of considerable public interest. Recently, information has been developed in connection with the NOI in Dade County that two female members, who are active in the local NOI Mosque, are both school teachers in the Dade County School System. Here again, the exposure of such activities would be most enlightening to the general public and could go a long way toward hampering future activities of the local NOI group. Another aspect of considerable interest, of course, would be the finances of the NOI, noting that they take considerable sums from each member on a weekly basis and contribute nothing to the general welfare of the black community or the local NOI membership. If such an undertaking is approved by the Bureau, the Miami Division can assure of the complete cooperation and security as far as Channel 7 is concerned and this Division is confident that such an undertaking could be successfully carried out without any embarrassment to the Bureau and the Bureau's interest in this matter would not in any way be revealed. The Miami Division requests that authority be granted under the Counterintelligence Program to conduct further discussions with [REDACTED] relative to the production of such a documentary film, after which more precise information will be given to the Bureau relative to identifying what documents and/or information will be made available to [REDACTED]. In this connection, the Miami Division solicits any suggestions the Bureau may have in connection with available material which would lend 2. 153 MM 157-2414 itself to being used in the production of such a film. 3. 154 LOPE 2/5/69 1 - Mr. T. E. Bishop 1 1 1 - - - SAC, Miami (157-2414) Director, FBI (100-448006)-1711 REF-32 STU COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROGRAM BLACK NATIONALIST - HATE GROUPS RACIAL INTELLIGENCE (NATION OF ISLAM) Reurlet 1/22/69. Authority is granted to enter into preliminary discussions with [REDACTED] WCKT-TV Miami, Florida, relative to the production of a documentary film concerning the Nation of Islam (NOI). Insure understands, as in the past conversations with him concerning counterintelligence activities, that Bureau cooperation with him is strictly on a confidential basis. In your conversation with [REDACTED] stress the importance of exposing and ridiculing NOI money-making The document is a memorandum from the FBI's Tampa office regarding a counterintelligence program. It features official stamps, including a "CONFIDENTIAL" stamp and routing codes like "REC 43". Handwritten annotations are present, such as a signature at the top right and marginalia on the left side. There are also official stamps with dates like "25 JAN 1 1969". A small drawing of a soldier is visible at the bottom left. The document also contains several redactions, obscuring specific names or details. to the production of a documentary film concerning the Nation of Islam (NOI). Insure understands, as in the past conversations with him concerning counterintelligence activities, that Bureau cooperation with him is strictly on a confidential basis. In your conversation with [REDACTED] stress the importance of exposing and ridiculing NOI money-making schemes which milk members in order to fill the coffers of Elijah Muhammad who lives in elegance amid palatial surroundings. In this regard, seek out public source material which will expose the NOI practice that requires a member to purchase large quantities of NOI newspapers even though the member may not be able to sell them. Keep the Bureau advised of the progress of your talks with [REDACTED] and his progress relative to the production of the documentary film. Submit to the Bureau, for specific approval, any public source information you desire to furnish to him. WDN:rel/ra (7) NOTE: [REDACTED]has expressed an interest in producing a special TV documentary concerning the activities of the NOI in the South Florida area. [REDACTED] and his television station have been extremely cooperative with the Bureau in the past and have proven completely reliable and trustworthy. Information has been furnished to [REDACTED] on a confidential basis under the counterintelligence program and [REDACTED] in the past on a he has always utilized this information to the benefit of this telson Loach [REDACTED]hop Casper allahan Conrad Felt Gale Rosen Sullivan [REDACTED]avel Frotter [REDACTED]rie. Room Holmes Candy SAFEB[REDACTED] MAIL ROOM TELETYPE UNIT NOTE CONTINUED PAGE TWO [REDACTED] 1/55 Letter to SAC, Miami RE: COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROGRAM 100-448006 MOTE CONTINUED: Bureau and without disclosing Bureau interest therein. Miami recommends, and we concur, that preliminary discussions with [REDACTED] be undertaken for the purpose of assisting him in the preparation of this program on a confidential basis. Miami advises that after preliminary discussions with [REDACTED] the public source information deemed appropriate to furnish to him will be identified to the Bureau for approval. -2- 156 FD-36-195-22-64) FBI Date: 1/14/69 Transmit the following In Via AIRTEL (Type in plaintext or code) (Priority) TO: Director, FBI (100-448006) FROM: SAC, Detroit (157-3214) COUNTERINTELLIGENCE PROGRAM BLACK. NATIONALIST-HATE GROUP RACIAL INTELLIGENCE (REPUBLIC OF NEW AFRICA) Det/c(10 Twitter Re Detroit airtel to Bureau, dated 11/22/68, Bureau letter to Detroit, dated 12/3/68, Detroit teletype to Bureau, dated 12/26/68 and Bureau airtel to Detroit, dated 12/27/68. Enclosed for the Bureau are one copy each of an article captioned "Brothers The document is a typed memorandum on official U.S. government letterhead, dated January 22, 1969. It contains several handwritten annotations and stamps that suggest official routing and review. In the top right corner, there are two dark circles and a number "7" near a smear of ink, potentially indicating some form of internal marking or review. A large, dark redaction obscures a portion of the text in the middle of the document, and a smaller redaction appears near the bottom right. Near the bottom of the page, there is a handwritten diagram with numbers and arrows, possibly indicating a visual representation of information flow or a related file. Additionally, there are handwritten notes on the left margin, including a date and code ("WAN mei/2/5/60"). A stamp at the bottom right indicates "RACI AL INT OFCT" with a number "152". The document is a typed report with several handwritten annotations and markings. The top left corner contains a notation "MM 157-2414". There are also several dark circular marks and a vertical line near the top, suggesting possible damage or smudges. In the bottom right corner, there is a handwritten number "153". Importantly, there is a significant black redaction covering a portion of the text in the middle of the page, obscuring specific details. The text itself discusses aspects of the local Mosque in Miami, its finances, and potential inquiries related to a documentary film. BLACK. NATIONALIST-HATE GROUP RACIAL INTELLIGENCE (REPUBLIC OF NEW AFRICA) Det/c(10 Twitter Re Detroit airtel to Bureau, dated 11/22/68, Bureau letter to Detroit, dated 12/3/68, Detroit teletype to Bureau, dated 12/26/68 and Bureau airtel to Detroit, dated 12/27/68. Enclosed for the Bureau are one copy each of an article captioned "Brothers Fight. For Black Republic" and "How Success Paved Path to Secessionist lovement", which appeared in the "Detroit Free Press" dated 1/4/69. Both of these articles were authored by REC i [REDACTED] Bureau airtel dated 12/26/68. Mandinted he had as authorized by referenced already written both enclosed articles which were to appear in the "Detroit Free Press" and had based them solely upon interviews with MILTON and RICHARD HENRY. When the responses to RNA was not nearly as popular, well organized or financially questions indicated the sound as the HENRY brothers had indicated, disinterested in continuing the interview. Became He indicated that if he wrote the article portraying the RNA as it - [REDACTED] truly is. the article would have no reader appeal. 80% V 3 Bureau (Enc. 2) (RM) BD 15 JAR 24 - Detroit (1 - 157-2413) (1 - 157-3161) (1 - 157-3160) WJtl/cc (8) Approved: ! ! Special Agent in Charge Sent M Per 157 DE 157-3214 stated he would make several changes in the articles which were already written but would continue to base the articles mainly on the basis of the interviews with the HENRY brothers. It should be noted the last three paragraphs of the article captioned "Brothers Fight For Black Republic" make reference to the anonymous letter which was authored by Detroit and authorized by Bureau letter dated 12/3/68. This information regarding the letter was evidently made available to [REDACTED] by either MILTON or RICHARD HENRY indicating the seriousness with which the HENRY brothers view that letter. 2 - 15.8 (Mount Clipping in Space Below) Brothers Fight for Black Republic More than 40 years ago, Marcus Garvey stirred hun. Creds of thousands of Ameri- Can Negroes and attracted sev- ral million dollars in dona- cons with the idea of a mas- Peturn to Africa. His move- ment flourished for a time, but ultimately failed. Today another force is try- ing to lead black people out of white America. Founded by Pontiac attorney Milton Henry. his fiery brother Richard also of Pontiac, and a collection of embittered black intellectuals from the urban North, the Re- His move- ment flourished for a time, but ultimately failed. Today another force is try- ing to lead black people out of white America. Founded by Pontiac attorney Milton Henry. his fiery brother Richard also of Pontiac, and a collection of embittered black intellectuals from the urban North, the Re- public of New Africa (RNA) wants to take its people south. Its demands: Five southern states and $400 billion in repa- rations for three centuries of black suffering. The RNA, rooted in the cold, final Ingle of necession, would seem to be a movement of powerful portent for Ameri- can race relations, If so much of its strength were not mere- ly on paper in the fluid rhetor- ic of its founders. During 1968 the republic re- Ceived substantial publicity national publications and o television. But despite the af- tention focused on RNA and its aims, its following and fi- nances are judged meager at best by those wly have watched it closely. ... THE HENRYS will not talk numbers and dollars within the republic, but some outsiders close to tie operation estimate its national following at per- hapa less than a hundred, its Detroit support as little as a dozen or two. One Detroit area Jawma labels the republc "a joke." It isn't quite that, nor is just a passing aberration black passion. Reparations and session or evacuation from the United States have been on the minds and tongues of racical black people for years The nien of RNA may be right when they say more black Americans than ever before are convinced further attempts at co-existence with white men will solve nothing. Those who oppose the RNA, black and white alike, are n clined to concede its poten- Uul appeal to separatist- thinking black Americans. As long ago as the 1920s, Garvey's movement was sub- stantial for a time. But Gar- vey was a better promoter than are the Henrys. The two brothers have been involved with organizational protest since the 1940s, undef such title a as the Group of Advanced Leadership (GOAL) and the Malcolm X Society. sustained largely by their owh press consciousness and volu- bility. But they never have been able to muster a large follow- ingr Milton Henry Brother Galdi, first vice president of RNA and the top republic officer in the United States- 14 49, a graduate of Yale University law school, a This page contains scanned text from an FBI document with minimal visual elements. The top of the page has several circular ink marks, possibly from a binder hole punch, and two faint, dark circular smudges. The main text is typed, and includes the reference "MM 157-2414" followed by the phrase "itself to being used in the production of such a film." Near the bottom center, the numeral "3." is present. The overall page is predominantly white, with some faint markings and a handwritten number "154" in the bottom right corner. There are no photographs, forms, logs, charts, or overt surveillance method indications visible. The document is a typed FBI memo with handwritten annotations and several official stamps. A prominent stamp reads "SECRET" at the top right. There are multiple redactions across the page, obscuring specific names and information. Handwritten notes include a date of "2/5/69" and a list of names, some of which are also redacted. The document appears to be an operational directive or report related to counterintelligence activities against the "Nation of Islam." A stamped box on the left side indicates "MAILED 20 FEB5-1969" and "COMM-FBI". There are no photographs or surveillance logs visible. sustained largely by their owh press consciousness and volu- bility. But they never have been able to muster a large follow- ingr Milton Henry Brother Galdi, first vice president of RNA and the top republic officer in the United States- 14 49, a graduate of Yale University law school, a од of the 1966 National Urban League Family of the Year, a former Pontiac city coun- diman and one of the better better trial lawyers in south- east Michigan. He is a suc- cessful man by all the stand- ard measures. his brother and alter eg. Richard Brother I m a r, RNA minister of information is 38 and until very recent- ly vas a technical writer at the Detroit Tank Arsenal. Both are well educated, thoughtful and articulate. bid (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) Page10 B Detroit Free Press Detroit, Michigan Date: 1/4/69 Edition: Author: Editor: Title: Character: or Classification: Submitting Office: Detroit [ ] Being Investigated 15 つ Both want to secede from the union and take with them as many black people as they can. They claim that their move- ment is strong and growing. THEY WILL BE forcing their own hand next month. Sometime around the Feb. 21 anniversary of the assassina- tion of Malcolm X, they say the RNA will conduct a se- cession plebiscite among the black people of Brooklyn's troubled Ocean Hill-Browns- ville district, scene of New York's bitter fight over com- munity school control. "Ocean Hill-Brownsville is ripe for a separation vote." Milton Henry says. After that plebiscite, which the Henrys expect to win, "there is a good chance the American government will be talking seriously to the repub- lic before the end of 1969," Richard Henry claims. His brother says: "We've never given our historical con- sent to be governed by the United States. When we can demonstrate this by a fairly conducted plebiscite, then other nations of the world will join us" in applying pressure to Washington and perhaps the World Court and United Na- tions General Assembly. RNA thinks logic alone should be sufficient to con- vince white Washington that a separate black state is an answer to many problems. But they also say their fol- lowers will fight guerilla war if that is what it takes to gain the five southern states in which they would form a black North American repub- lic. RNA has vince white Washington that a separate black state is an answer to many problems. But they also say their fol- lowers will fight guerilla war if that is what it takes to gain the five southern states in which they would form a black North American repub- lic. RNA has formed a cabinet and developed a national con- ference attracting about 300 secessionist black radicals to Detroit in March. It is trying to administer its own tax system, theoretically collec- ting three percent of the cor-- porate and personal earnings of its followers. IT SAYS IT has an armed, trained military group, the Black Legion. But the legion's effective size is questionable. Most of all, RNA has a body of rhetoric which asserts that the creation of a black republic on once-American soil is neither a paranoid fantasy nor a very unusual idea, but a viable answer to racial con- flict. "We are no different from the French Canadians, the northern Irish or the Jews in Central Europe," Milton Henry says. "And I don't see any- thing sacred about this country in its present geographical form .. If the United States has any justification in paying the American Indians for their land ... Indeed, the same argument has to obtain for black people who lost their lands in Africa and worked the land here." The Henrys don't like the Garveyist idea of a return to Africa for some logistical reasons such as the expense of mass transplantation -- but for some philosophical reasons as well. "We don't mind accepting the role of de-niggerizing and re-Africanizing black men, but the black man's problems here shouldn't be reflected back on another part of the world," Milton Henry says. "We feel there are repara- tions due from the United States. Some nationalists say we should take the whole southeast quadrant of the country." The states the RNA wants are Jassissipри, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina. If negotiations with the State Department are not sufficient, the RNA has an al- ternate plan for taking over the Old South. It involves sending Black Legionnaires to selected southern counties with black majorities, to be sure enough votes are mustered and count- ed to elect black sheriffs car- rying the power to create "legitimate military force" by appointing deputies. Then the legion would hop- scotch through the five states, working through the electorate to establish a This page is a scanned, declassified FBI document. It features a letter from the Bureau to Special Agent in Charge (SAC) in Miami, discussing a Counterintelligence Program. The text is primarily printed, with some handwritten marginalia including a page number "-2-" and another handwritten number "156" in the bottom right corner. There are several redactions on the page, obscuring specific names or information within the text. The page has faint markings that appear to be from a scanner or possibly from the original document's handling. This document is an FBI internal memorandum, likely a teletype or letter, dated January 14, 1969. It is addressed to the "Director, FBI" from the "SAC, Detroit" (Special Agent in Charge, Detroit) and concerns the "Counterintelligence Program, Black Nationalist-Hate Group, Racial Intelligence (Republic of New Africa)." The document includes several handwritten annotations, including a signature in the "FROM" field and scribbled notes in the margins, some of which appear to be routing codes or internal identifiers. There are also several redactions, particularly in the central paragraphs of the text, obscuring specific names or details of the investigation. The document format suggests it is an official report with pre-printed fields for date, transmission method ("AIRTEL"), and recipient information. to selected southern counties with black majorities, to be sure enough votes are mustered and count- ed to elect black sheriffs car- rying the power to create "legitimate military force" by appointing deputies. Then the legion would hop- scotch through the five states, working through the electorate to establish a political hold on the land they want. Milton Henry says there are enough men and arms in the Black Legion to pull it off. RNA HAS conducted some arms training through De- troit's Fredrick Douglass Shooting Club, but Henry says the preparations are only de- fensive in anticipation of trou- ble from southern whites. "No one likes war," he says. "Some say the Prussians did. I don't ever believe that. And I'm not any damn Prussian. I'm an African. I'm not in- terested in war. I'm interest- ed in life." The Henrys, who stepped from middle-class comfort into the vanguard of their own brand of revolution, brush aside suggestions that other skilled, successful black men, comfortable in the American system, will not follow them to New Africa. "The movement can't go back," Richard says. "Most black people eventually will see the value of nationhood. The support we have among those people who aren't now separatists will be demon- strated very soon." They repeatedly liken New Africa to Israel. Richard Henry says: "After the Is- raelis opened their medical school, they began producing some of the best papers in the world. The Jews not o